Table 2. Brain Response to Painful Heat in MDD and Control Subjects and Between-Group Differences.

Controls activations	X: Y: Z	k	t	pFDR
Insula–opercula	−36 0 −8	2252	6.14	0.008
	40 34 2	2071	7.39	0.007
Prefrontal cortex	−36 32 12	132	4.20	0.022
	46 34 36	581	5.26	0.010
Basal ganglia	−30 −8 −6	302	5.10	0.011
	30 6 6	233	4.87	0.013
ACC-SMA	6 20 36	1666	4.47	0.018
Cerebellum	4 −50 −18	468	5.28	0.010
Controls deactivations	X : Y : Z	k	t	pFDR
Subg., Preg. ACC	−2 46 −14	1446	5.59	0.003
Patients activations	X : Y : Z	k	t	pFDR
Insula–opercula
	−42 −10 0	4056	7.37	0.037
	50 −8 4	3990	6.68	0.037
Prefrontal cortex	−58 −2 42	200	4.36	0.038
	54 0 56	305	5.57	0.037
Basal ganglia	−30 6 0	354	4.63	0.041
	28 14 2	414	4.43	0.041
ACC-SMA	−8 −12 44	2100	5.75	0.037
Cerebellum	4 −46 −24	1717	6.10	0.037
Middle temporal gyrus	−68 −42 −8	298	5.30	0.037
Hypothal. region–midbrain	−4 −4 −14	132	3.89	0.043
Patients>controls	X : Y : Z	k	t	pUnc.
Increased activations
Post. Ins.–Temp. Operc.–HPC	−46 −26 −10	1249	3.18	0.002
	40 −14 −6	2042	4.24	<0.0005
Ant. Ins.–frontal Operc.	−24 24 6	585	3.01	0.002
Basal G.–Med. PFC–Hypothal. region	−4 16 −16	1146	3.50	0.001
Middle temp. gyrus	−62 −42 4	569	3.28	0.001
Reduced deactivations
Subg., Preg. ACC	4 18 −18	2185	3.91	<0.0005

Abbreviations: k, cluster size; FDR, false discovery rate whole-brain corrected; Unc., uncorrected; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; SMA, supplementary motor area; Hypothal., hypothalamic; Post., posterior; Ins., insula; Temp., temporal; Operc., operculum; HPC, hippocampus; Ant., anterior; Med., medial. Subg., subgenual; Preg., pregenual.

Coordinates (X: Y: Z) are given in Montreal Neurological Institute Atlas space.