Nonsmokers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TAKING OUT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No significant results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BEGIN |
Activations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Orbitofrontal cortex |
L |
0 |
54 |
−15 |
4.29 |
292 |
0.009 |
|
Orbitofrontal cortex |
R |
3 |
54 |
−18 |
4.22 |
180 |
0.011 |
|
Anterior cingulate cortex |
R |
6 |
45 |
27 |
3.47 |
138 |
0.034 |
|
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
R |
18 |
45 |
36 |
4.29 |
54 |
0.015 |
Deactivations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No significant results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LAST PUFF |
|
No significant results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
END |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No significant results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nondeprived smokers |
TAKING OUT |
Activations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Orbitofrontal cortex |
L |
−42 |
18 |
−9 |
5.40 |
240 |
<0.001 |
|
Anterior cingulate cortex |
L |
3 |
21 |
21 |
3.69 |
248 |
0.020 |
|
Anterior cingulate cortex |
R |
6 |
18 |
24 |
3.82 |
44 |
0.012 |
|
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
L |
−33 |
3 |
54 |
5.90 |
450 |
<0.001 |
|
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
R |
27 |
0 |
57 |
4.64 |
198 |
0.004 |
|
Insular cortex |
L |
−39 |
15 |
−6 |
6.43 |
259 |
<0.001 |
|
Insular cortex |
R |
33 |
24 |
3 |
4.88 |
137 |
<0.001 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deactivations |
|
Ventral striatum |
R |
18 |
9 |
−12 |
3.25 |
56 |
0.025 |
|
Anterior cingulate cortex |
R |
12 |
36 |
12 |
3.95 |
80 |
0.008 |
|
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
R |
36 |
−12 |
69 |
4.56 |
14 |
0.006 |
BEGIN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Activations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ventral tegmental area |
|
0 |
−15 |
−9 |
3.39 |
26 |
0.001 |
|
Ventral striatum |
L |
−12 |
12 |
−6 |
3.15 |
35 |
0.029 |
|
Orbitofrontal cortex |
L |
−6 |
45 |
−6 |
4.98 |
393 |
0.001 |
|
Orbitofrontal cortex |
R |
30 |
24 |
−24 |
4.18 |
453 |
0.013 |
|
Anterior cingulate cortex |
L |
3 |
24 |
24 |
5.35 |
365 |
<0.001 |
|
Anterior cingulate cortex |
R |
3 |
24 |
27 |
5.34 |
214 |
<0.001 |
|
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
L |
−18 |
60 |
3 |
4.73 |
811 |
0.003 |
|
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
R |
33 |
−3 |
54 |
5.11 |
189 |
0.001 |
|
Hippocampus |
L |
−24 |
−27 |
−18 |
3.69 |
203 |
0.025 |
|
Insular cortex |
L |
−33 |
21 |
3 |
5.18 |
169 |
<0.001 |
|
Insular cortex |
R |
30 |
24 |
−21 |
4.16 |
18 |
0.005 |
Deactivations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No significant results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LAST PUFF |
Activations |
|
Ventral tegmental area |
|
3 |
−18 |
−15 |
4.60 |
26 |
<0.001 |
|
Ventral striatum |
L |
−15 |
6 |
−12 |
3.64 |
22 |
0.007 |
|
Ventral striatum |
R |
15 |
9 |
0 |
3.38 |
91 |
0.017 |
|
Orbitofrontal cortex |
L |
−42 |
36 |
−6 |
7.20 |
833 |
<0.001 |
|
Orbitofrontal cortex |
R |
36 |
30 |
−15 |
5.15 |
861 |
<0.001 |
|
Anterior cingulate cortex |
L |
−6 |
30 |
30 |
6.61 |
332 |
<0.001 |
|
Anterior cingulate cortex |
R |
3 |
18 |
27 |
4.86 |
177 |
<0.001 |
|
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
L |
−42 |
48 |
24 |
6.79 |
2017 |
<0.001 |
|
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
R |
42 |
18 |
39 |
6.26 |
2231 |
<0.001 |
|
Amygdala |
L |
−30 |
0 |
−27 |
5.85 |
69 |
<0.001 |
|
Amygdala |
R |
36 |
0 |
−24 |
5.34 |
80 |
<0.001 |
|
Hippocampus |
L |
−24 |
−27 |
−21 |
5.33 |
465 |
<0.001 |
|
Hippocampus |
R |
33 |
−15 |
−12 |
6.17 |
495 |
<0.001 |
|
Insular cortex |
L |
−30 |
21 |
−9 |
6.09 |
513 |
<0.001 |
|
Insular cortex |
R |
39 |
0 |
6 |
5.47 |
421 |
<0.001 |
Deactivations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No significant results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
END |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Activations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Orbitofrontal cortex |
L |
−21 |
30 |
−12 |
6.72 |
393 |
<0.001 |
|
Orbitofrontal cortex |
R |
24 |
36 |
−15 |
4.05 |
148 |
0.020 |
|
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
L |
−39 |
9 |
33 |
4.39 |
56 |
0.010 |
|
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
R |
51 |
42 |
9 |
4.71 |
196 |
0.003 |
|
Hippocampus |
L |
−30 |
−39 |
−15 |
4.53 |
70 |
0.002 |
|
Insular cortex |
L |
−36 |
9 |
−15 |
4.03 |
142 |
0.009 |
Deactivations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ventral striatum |
R |
9 |
3 |
−9 |
3.97 |
16 |
0.003 |
|
Anterior cingulate cortex |
L |
3 |
39 |
15 |
4.19 |
96 |
0.004 |
|
Anterior cingulate cortex |
R |
15 |
36 |
12 |
5.20 |
159 |
<0.001 |
|
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
R |
18 |
57 |
3 |
4.07 |
52 |
0.032 |
|
Insular cortex |
R |
42 |
−12 |
12 |
3.77 |
59 |
0.019 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deprived smokers |
TAKING OUT |
Activations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Orbitofrontal cortex |
L |
−12 |
51 |
−3 |
5.15 |
680 |
<0.001 |
|
Orbitofrontal cortex |
R |
24 |
36 |
−24 |
4.43 |
429 |
0.005 |
|
Anterior cingulate cortex |
L |
−9 |
51 |
0 |
5.57 |
306 |
<0.001 |
|
Anterior cingulate cortex |
R |
3 |
36 |
0 |
4.48 |
84 |
0.001 |
|
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
L |
−15 |
54 |
6 |
5.38 |
859 |
<0.001 |
|
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
R |
33 |
−12 |
63 |
4.17 |
260 |
0.023 |
|
Hippocampus |
L |
−12 |
−39 |
6 |
4.99 |
152 |
<0.001 |
|
Hippocampus |
R |
15 |
−36 |
6 |
4.26 |
316 |
0.004 |
|
Insular cortex |
L |
−45 |
6 |
0 |
5.61 |
303 |
<0.001 |
|
Insular cortex |
R |
48 |
9 |
−3 |
4.54 |
367 |
0.001 |
Deactivations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No significant results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BEGIN |
Activations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ventral tegmental area |
|
3 |
−18 |
−21 |
3.66 |
16 |
0.002 |
|
Orbitofrontal cortex |
L |
−12 |
48 |
−6 |
4.13 |
532 |
0.014 |
|
Anterior cingulate cortex |
L |
−9 |
48 |
−3 |
3.68 |
113 |
0.021 |
|
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
L |
−21 |
−3 |
66 |
4.31 |
1015 |
0.013 |
|
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
R |
36 |
−9 |
57 |
4.43 |
197 |
0.009 |
|
Hippocampus |
L |
−30 |
−21 |
−27 |
3.92 |
151 |
0.012 |
|
Hippocampus |
R |
18 |
−3 |
−27 |
3.79 |
25 |
0.020 |
|
Insular cortex |
L |
−39 |
3 |
9 |
3.73 |
158 |
0.022 |
Deactivations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No significant results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LAST PUFF |
Activations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ventral striatum |
L |
−3 |
12 |
−6 |
3.12 |
77 |
0.031 |
|
Ventral striatum |
R |
6 |
3 |
−9 |
3.26 |
63 |
0.024 |
|
Orbitofrontal cortex |
L |
−36 |
42 |
−9 |
3.91 |
227 |
0.029 |
|
Anterior cingulate cortex |
L |
−6 |
48 |
6 |
3.54 |
207 |
0.030 |
|
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
L |
−42 |
48 |
6 |
4.29 |
755 |
0.014 |
|
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
R |
39 |
45 |
3 |
4.48 |
354 |
0.008 |
|
Amygdala |
R |
24 |
−9 |
−15 |
3.02 |
41 |
0.029 |
|
Hippocampus |
L |
−18 |
−6 |
−33 |
3.71 |
211 |
0.023 |
|
Hippocampus |
R |
21 |
−6 |
−33 |
4.01 |
287 |
0.010 |
|
Insular cortex |
L |
−42 |
3 |
9 |
4.12 |
305 |
0.006 |
|
Insular cortex |
R |
39 |
0 |
3 |
4.02 |
191 |
0.009 |
Deactivations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No significant results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
END |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Activations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Orbitofrontal cortex |
L |
−9 |
18 |
−15 |
3.80 |
235 |
0.041 |
|
Orbitofrontal cortex |
R |
3 |
27 |
−21 |
3.97 |
81 |
0.026 |
|
Ventral striatum |
L |
−3 |
12 |
−18 |
4.24 |
25 |
0.001 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deactivations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Orbitofrontal cortex |
R |
27 |
54 |
−3 |
4.14 |
125 |
0.015 |
|
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
L |
−18 |
6 |
66 |
3.91 |
206 |
0.049 |
|
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
R |
24 |
51 |
0 |
4.58 |
648 |
0.005 |