Table 3. Summary of Studies Examining the Role of GABA in the Reconsolidation of Conditioned Fear.

Study	Species	Time of administration	Drug	Infusion	Task	Findings	When were animals re-tested with respect to reactivation?	Was the deficit or enhancement temporary?	Role of GABA in reconsolidation
Amaral et al (2007)	Rat	Post-reactivation	Muscimol	Dorsal hippocampus	IA	Muscimol temporarily disrupted IA memory retention.	2 days later	Yes	Inhibits retrieval
Bustos et al (2006)	Rat	Post-reactivation	MDZ	Systemic	CFC	MDZ produced a persistent deficit in memory retention.	10 days later	No	Disrupts re-storage
Bustos et al (2009)	Rat	Post-reactivation	MDZ	Systemic	CFC	MDZ impaired fear memory retention when administered after 3, and 5-min, but not 1-min reactivation periods. Longer reactivation sessions and higher doses of MDZ were required to disrupt remote memory traces.	10 days later (or more)	No	Disrupts re-storage
Carbo Tano et al (2009)	Crab	Post-reactivation	Muscimol	Systemic	CFC	Muscimol disrupted consolidation and reconsolidation of contextual fear memory in a dose-dependent manner.	1 day later	Not examined	Disrupts re-storage
			Bicuculline	Systemic	CFC	Bicuculline facilitated consolidation and reconsolidation of contextual fear memory.	1 day later	Not examined	Disrupts re-storage
Makkar et al (2010)	Rat	Post-reactivation	MDZ	Systemic and BLA	CFC	MDZ produced a persistent deficit in fear responding. MDZ had no effect when injected into the BLA, or when it was injected following long reactivation (extinction).	11 days later	No	Disrupts re-storage
Nomura and Matsuki (2008)	Rat	Post-reactivation	Ethanol, Picrotoxin	Systemic and intra- amygdala	CFC	Ethanol enhanced consolidation and reconsolidation of fear memory. The effect was reversed with co-administration of picrotoxin. Ethanol had no effect on extinction, nor when it was infused into the BLA.	3, 14, and 28 days later	Yes	Enhances re-storage
Zhang and Cranney (2008)	Rat	Post-reactivation	MDZ	Systemic	CFC	MDZ blocked reconsolidation. This effect was comparable among rats with high and low levels of pre-existing anxiety.	10 days later	No	Disrupts re-storage
		Post-reactivation	Bicuculline	Systemic	CFC	Bicuculline temporary facilitated memory retention.	10 days later	Yes	Modulates retrieval

Abbreviations: AFC, auditory fear conditioning; BLA, basolateral amygdala; CFC, contextual fear conditioning; IA, inhibitory avoidance; MDZ, midazolam.