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. 2010 Dec;51(12):6414–6423. doi: 10.1167/iovs.09-5127

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Light micrographs of pressure- and glutamate-dependent changes in the middle part of the retina. OLM, outer limiting membrane. (a) Administration of 30 μM glutamate at 25 mm Hg induced no remarkable changes. (b) Administration of 30 μM glutamate (GA) at 50 mm Hg induced marked axonal swelling (arrowheads) in the NFL. Several GCs showed nuclear pyknosis. The retina exhibited a spongy appearance in the IPL and neural degeneration in the INL (arrows). (c) A retina exposed to 30 μM glutamate at 75 mm Hg showed axonal swelling (arrowheads) in the NFL, along with neural degeneration in the IPL, INL, and ONL. (d) Administration of 300 μM glutamate induced Müller cell swelling and pyknosis of the GCs at 25 mm Hg. Glial swelling was observed beneath the ILM (*), and in the INL (arrows) and ONL (arrowheads). (e, f) Administration of 300 μM glutamate induced excitotoxic neural damage, characterized by dendritic swelling in the IPL and bull's-eye formation in the INL at (e) 50 and (f) 75 mm Hg. The optic nerve fibers in the NFL were swollen and damaged and nuclei of GCs became pyknotic. (g) Retina exhibiting prominent Müller cell swelling beneath the ILM (*) induced by 1.0 mM glutamate at 25 mm Hg. Glial swelling was observed in the INL (arrows) and ONL (arrowheads). Administration of 1.0 mM glutamate induced excitotoxic neural damage, characterized by dendritic swelling in the IPL and bull's-eye formation in the INL at (h) 50 and (i) 75 mm Hg. The optic nerve fibers were swollen and damaged in the NFL. The GCL showed severe degeneration. Scale bar, 55 μm.