Table 3.
Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios between 12-month report of back or neck problems and acculturation, socio-demographic, and health factors
| Unadjusted associations | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | |
| Nativity—born in US | 1.66 (1.29, 2.11)*** | ||
| 1st Generation (immigrants) | Referent | Referent | |
| 2nd Generation | 1.04 (0.77, 1.39) | 1.04 (0.73, 1.43) | 0.90 (0.65, 1.24) |
| 3rd Generation or greater | 1.88 (1.41, 2.44)*** | 1.63 (1.17, 2.23)** | 1.31 (1.01, 1.67)* |
| English proficient | 1.73 (1.37, 2.15)*** | 1.60 (1.23, 2.03)** | 1.67 (1.33, 2.05)*** |
| Age (10 years) | 1.14 (1.04, 1.23)** | 1.17 (1.06, 1.28)** | 1.13 (1.03, 1.23)** |
| Female | 1.32 (1.03, 1.24)* | 1.28 (1.00, 1.61) | 1.22 (0.96, 1.54) |
| Mexican | 0.86 (0.73, 1.01) | Referent | Referent |
| Puerto Rican | 1.35 (1.10, 1.66)** | 1.27 (1.03, 1.57)* | 1.32 (1.03, 1.67)* |
| Cuban | 0.89 (0.68, 1.15) | 1.06 (0.70, 1.38) | 1.18 (0.92, 1.48) |
| Other Latino | 1.06 (0.84, 1.32) | 1.08 (0.86, 1.35) | 1.17 (0.97, 1.4) |
| Education—11 years or less | 0.94 (0.75, 1.16) | Referent | |
| Education—12 years | 0.91 (0.61, 1.30) | 0.93 (0.62, 1.33) | |
| Education—13–15 years | 1.16 (0.87, 1.52) | 1.13 (0.81, 1.52) | |
| Education—greater than 16 years | 1.08 (0.69, 1.63) | 1.21 (0.72, 1.84) | |
| Below poverty level | 0.90 (0.69, 1.16) | 1.05 (0.81, 1.34) | |
| 100–199% Of poverty level | 1.17 (0.84, 1.58) | 1.20 (0.83, 1.64) | |
| 200–299% Of poverty level | 0.94 (0.63, 1.37) | 1.15 (0.74, 1.67) | |
| 300% Or greater of poverty level | 1.00 (0.77, 1.29) | Referent | |
| Low physical health rating | 1.44 (1.33,1.57)*** | 1.34 (1.23, 1.45)*** | |
| DSM-IV criteria for affective disorder in past 12 months | 2.65 (1.84, 3.61)*** | 1.97 (1.36, 2.61)*** | |
| BMI—30 or greater | 1.67 (1.40, 1.99)*** | 1.35 (1.1, 1.62)** | |
| DSM-IV criteria for alcohol abuse in lifetime | 1.94 (1.40, 2.60)*** | 1.52 (1.03, 2.09)* | |
| Current smoker | 1.38 (1.08, 1.74)* | 1.21 (0.96, 1.49) |
Model 1 adjusted for generation, English proficiency, age, sex, and ethnicity. Model 2 added adjustment for education, poverty level, self-rated physical health, affective disorder, overweight, alcohol abuse, and smoking
Two-tailed P-values: * P ≤ 0.05; ** P ≤ 0.01; *** P ≤ 0.001