TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the Vietnamese Adult Male Smokers, Whole Sample and by Intention to Quit Smoking, CVATUS 2008
| Intention to Quit Smoking |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (N = 234) | No Quit intention (n = 77) | Intend to Quit Later (>30 days) (n = 76) | Intend to Quit Soon (≤ 30 days) (n = 81) | p-valuesa | ||
| INDIVIDUAL FACTORS | ||||||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age | Mean ± SE | 40.2 ± 1.1 | 41.0 ± 1.7 | 41.6 ± 1.7 | 38.3 ± 2.0 | 0.45 |
| Education | ||||||
| < High school | 17.7% | 15.4% | 20.4% | 17.6% | 0.81 | |
| High school | 34.8% | 28.7% | 39.6% | 35.9% | ||
| Some college | 31.2% | 35.3% | 28.2% | 30.5% | ||
| College or above | 16.3% | 20.6% | 11.9% | 16.1% | ||
| Poverty level | ||||||
| Above | 69.3% | 71.6% | 73.1% | 64.0% | 0.80 | |
| Below | 14.0% | 10.8% | 15.2% | 15.9% | ||
| Unknown | 16.7% | 17.6% | 11.7% | 20.1% | ||
| Employed | 71.6% | 76.0% | 71.2% | 68.0% | 0.69 | |
| Religion | ||||||
| Buddhist | 40.9% | 39.2% | 50.8% | 34.1% | 0.58 | |
| Christian | 35.2% | 35.7% | 30.6% | 38.7% | ||
| Other/None | 23.8% | 25.0% | 18.5% | 27.2% | ||
| Years in U.S. < 15 years Survey language | 40.5% | 35.2% | 39.3% | 45.2% | 0.59 | |
| Vietnamese | 86.4% | 88.1% | 89.0% | 82.7% | 0.74 | |
| English | 13.6% | 11.9% | 11.0% | 17.3% | ||
| Health access and status | ||||||
| Had health insurance | 72.0% | 72.3% | 75.0% | 69.2% | 0.84 | |
| Visited a physician in past 12 months | 62.9% | 61.5% | 64.1% | 63.0% | 0.97 | |
| General health - Fair/poor | 43.0% | 48.5% | 45.1% | 36.2% | 0.39 | |
| Used alcohol in the past month | 63.5% | 56.8% | 65.6% | 67.9% | 0.40 | |
| Depression, score ranged from 4 (none) to 16 (most frequently) | ||||||
| Mean ± SE | 6.5 ± 0.2 | 6.4 ± 0.3 | 6.7 ± 0.2 | 6.5 ± 0.3 | 0.70 | |
| Life experiences in Vietnam | ||||||
| Served in military or police | 12.2% | 13.7 % | 10.9% | 11.9% | 0.49 | |
| In re-education camp | 9.1% | 9.5% | 9.0% | 8.7% | 0.94 | |
| In refugee camp | 40.3% | 38.9% | 35.7% | 45.5% | 0.58 | |
| Smoking history and behaviors | ||||||
| Age started smoking regularly (n)b | (217) | (68) | (73) | (76) | ||
| Mean ± SE | 20.9 ± 0.4 | 20.6 ± 0.7 | 21.0 ± 0.6 | 21.0 ± 0.7 | 0.86 | |
| Smoked daily past month | 78.4% | 73.6% | 78.0% | 83.0% | 0.53 | |
| Cigarettes smoked per day | ||||||
| <10 | 48.1% | 54.1% | 47.3% | 43.2% | 0.70 | |
| 10 19 | 33.4% | 27.2% | 29.4% | 42.2% | ||
| ≥20 | 13.3% | 14.0% | 16.5% | 9.8% | ||
| unknown | 5.3% | 4.6% | 6.7% | 4.7% | ||
| Time to first cigarette after waking | ||||||
| within 5 minutes | 13.7% | 15.9% | 12.3% | 13.0% | 0.16 | |
| 6 30 minutes | 25.8% | 20.2% | 22.2% | 34.0% | ||
| 31 60 minutes | 23.5% | 22.2% | 28.2% | 20.6% | ||
| > 60 minutes | 23.4% | 18.3% | 23.9% | 27.7% | ||
| unknown | 13.5% | 23.4% | 13.4% | 4.7% | ||
| Smoking attitudes (agreed) | ||||||
| Smoking is harming my health | 97.1% | 94.4% | 98.7% | 98.5% | 0.07 | |
| I am addicted to cigarettes | 66.4% | 51.7% | 66.9% | 84.1% | <0.01 | |
| Health knowledge of smoking risks, | ||||||
| score ranged from −4 to 4 | ||||||
| Mean ±SE | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.39 | |
|
| ||||||
| FAMILY FACTORS | ||||||
| Married, living with partner | 72.3% | 70.2% | 78.1% | 69.4% | 0.84 | |
| Had children in household | 74.2% | 62.3% | 74.8% | 84.6% | 0.02 | |
| Smoking not allowed inside home | 93.1% | 87.1% | 96.3% | 95.9% | 0.07 | |
| Reported smoking had caused family conflicts | 39.9% | 23.8% | 44.2% | 51.1% | 0.02 | |
Notes: Percentages reported were weighted and computed with missing data included. Percentages may not add up exactly to 100% due to rounding error. Missing data ranged from 0% to 3% for all variables except when otherwise noted in the table with an “unknown” category.
a
p-values for the comparison among quit intention status.
b
n refers to the number of individuals who provided age started smoking regularly.