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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Mar 14.
Published in final edited form as: Lab Invest. 2008 Sep 15;88(12):1329–1339. doi: 10.1038/labinvest.2008.90

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Upregulation of PPARγ gene expression by Leishmania infection and curcumin in vitro. Nonelicited peritoneal exudate cells were infected as described in the legend to Table 2, except IL-4, at 5 ng/ml, or IFNγ, at 100 U/ml, or curcumin at 10 μM were added 30 min after addition of parasites, and the cultures were incubated for 16–20 h before isolation of total RNA. Levels of gene expression in each sample were normalized with 18S RNA. Then modulation was expressed relative to the uninfected control using the ΔΔCt method. The X-axis intercepts the Y-axis at ‘1’ to illustrate activation and deactivation of PPARγ. A two-tailed Student’s t-test was performed and the differences between the indicated groups were significant.