Neuronal levels of HO-1 were significantly higher in the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus in the DKA/BE cases (A) compared to controls (B). Quantification of the neuronal staining revealed significantly higher levels of HO-1 in DKA/BE compared to controls ages 9, 20 years (C, error bars indicate +/- SD,* p<0.001). HO-1 was not consistently changed in the cerebellum between DKA/BE cases and controls. The Purkinje cells displayed similar levels of HO-1 in both the DKA/BE cases (D) and the controls (E), and quantification revealed no significant difference (F, error bars indicate +/- SD). Other cellular structures and processes were immunoreactive in some cases, but were not consistently found in any of the groups analyzed.