Table 2.
Association between smoking, smokeless tobacco products and insufficient rest/sleep
| No. at risk (n=83,072) | Prevalence of (%) insufficient rest/sleep | Unadjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | Multivariate adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cigarette smoking | ||||
| Never smoker | 43478 | 9.4 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Former smoker | 24222 | 10.0 | 1.09 (0.97–1.22) | 1.25 (1.11–1.41) |
| Current smoker | 15372 | 17.8 | 2.04 (1.82–2.27) | 1.83 (1.63–2.06) |
| Smokeless tobacco (snuff, snus, chewing) | ||||
| Never user | 69493 | 10.9 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Former user | 10755 | 11.5 | 1.08 (0.94–1.24) | 1.16 (1.00–1.36) |
| Current user | 2824 | 14.8 | 1.67 (1.33–2.10) | 1.74 (1.37–2.22) |
| Current other tobacco smoking (cigar, beedi) | ||||
| No | 80503 | 11.0 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Yes | 2569 | 13.5 | 1.22 (0.98–1.53) | 1.32 (1.04–1.66) |
| Current cigarette smoking/smokeless tobacco | ||||
| Non smoker/non smokeless tobacco user | 64038 | 9.4 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Smokeless/other tobacco only | 3662 | 12.6 | 1.32 (1.08–1.62) | 1.49 (1.20–1.84) |
| Cigarette smoking only | 13876 | 17.8 | 1.98 (1.78–2.21) | 1.71 (1.53–1.91) |
| Both | 1496 | 17.9 | 2.28 (1.73–3.01) | 2.21 (1.66–2.94) |
*
Adjusted for age (years), sex (men, women), race-ethnicity (non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, Mexican Americans, others), education categories (<high school, high school, >high school), employment status (employed, unemployed, student/home makers, retired, unable to work), body mass index categories (<25, 25–29, ≥30 kg/m2), no regular exercise (yes, no), heavy drinking (no, yes), mental illness (no, yes). These models were not adjusted for fellow smoking variables to avoid multicollinearity (cigarette smoking in models involving smokeless tobacco and vice versa)