Table 3.
Operating characteristics for tests of executive dysfunction for controls (n=24) and moderate/severe TBI participants (n=26). For each test, the first line = 1.0 standard deviations (SD) below the controls, second line = 1.5 SD below, and third line = 2.0 SD below.
| Test | Dep. Var. | Impair. (SD) | Prev. | Sens. | Spec. | PPP | NPP | OPP | TP | TN | FP | FN | OR | 90% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WCST | Cat. Completed | 1.0 | .50 | .27 | .91 | .75 | .56 | .59 | 3 | 10 | 1 | 8 | 2.88 | .35 – 23.91 |
| Cat. Completed | 1.5 | .50 | .18 | .91 | .67 | .53 | .55 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 9 | 1.84 | .20 – 16.73 | |
| Cat. Completed | 2.0 | .50 | .18 | .91 | .67 | .53 | .55 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 9 | 1.84 | .20 – 16.73 | |
| Prop. Persev. Errors | 1.0 | .50 | .27 | .91 | .75 | .56 | .59 | 3 | 10 | 1 | 8 | 2.88 | .35 – 23.91 | |
| Prop. Persev. Errors | 1.5 | .50 | .18 | .91 | .67 | .53 | .55 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 9 | 1.84 | .20 – 16.73 | |
| Prop. Persev. Errors | 2.0 | .50 | .18 | .91 | .67 | .53 | .55 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 9 | 1.84 | .20 – 16.73 | |
| Stroop | Interference | 1.0 | .52 | .46 | .83 | .75 | .59 | .64 | 12 | 20 | 4 | 14 | 3.93 | 1.10 – 13.99 |
| Interference | 1.5 | .52 | .19 | .92 | .71 | .51 | .54 | 5 | 22 | 2 | 21 | 2.30 | .46 – 11.49 | |
| Interference | 2.0 | .52 | .12 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .51 | .54 | 3 | 24 | 0 | 23 | 7.30 | .35 – 149.06 | |
| Trails A | TMT A | 1.0 | .52 | .62 | .83 | .80 | .67 | .72 | 16 | 20 | 4 | 10 | 7.16 | 1.99 – 25.76 |
| TMT A | 1.5 | .52 | .54 | .92 | .88 | .65 | .72 | 14 | 22 | 2 | 12 | 10.44 | 2.31 – 47.25 | |
| TMT A | 2.0 | .52 | .42 | .92 | .85 | .59 | .66 | 11 | 22 | 2 | 15 | 6.68 | 1.47 – 30.32 | |
| Trails B | TMT B | 1.0 | .52 | .73 | .83 | .83 | .74 | .78 | 19 | 20 | 4 | 7 | 11.84 | 3.15 – 44.47 |
| TMT B | 1.5 | .52 | .69 | .92 | .90 | .73 | .80 | 18 | 22 | 2 | 8 | 19.59 | 4.21 – 91.23 | |
| TMT B | 2.0 | .52 | .58 | .92 | .88 | .67 | .74 | 15 | 22 | 2 | 11 | 12.13 | 2.67 – 55.08 | |
| Digit Span (Forward) | DSForward | 1.0 | .52 | .38 | .75 | .63 | .53 | .56 | 10 | 18 | 6 | 16 | 1.81 | .55 – 5.91 |
| DSForward | 1.5 | .52 | .15 | .92 | .67 | .50 | .52 | 4 | 22 | 2 | 22 | 1.80 | .34 – 9.40 | |
| DSForward | 2.0 | .52 | .08 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .50 | .52 | 2 | 24 | 0 | 24 | 5.00 | .23 – 109.62 | |
| Digit Span (Backward) | DSBackward | 1.0 | .52 | .35 | .96 | .90 | .58 | .64 | 9 | 23 | 1 | 17 | 8.50 | 1.36 – 53.01 |
| DSBackward | 1.5 | .52 | .15 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .52 | .56 | 4 | 24 | 0 | 22 | 9.80 | .50 – 192.42 | |
| DSBackward | 2.0 | .52 | .08 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .50 | .52 | 2 | 24 | 0 | 24 | 5.00 | .23 – 109.62 | |
| PASAT | PASAT Total | 1.0 | .52 | .65 | .79 | .77 | .68 | .72 | 17 | 19 | 5 | 9 | 6.53 | 1.90 – 22.40 |
| PASAT Total | 1.5 | .52 | .42 | .88 | .79 | .58 | .64 | 11 | 21 | 3 | 15 | 4.56 | 1.17 – 17.81 | |
| PASAT Total | 2.0 | .52 | .38 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .60 | .68 | 10 | 24 | 0 | 16 | 31.18 | 1.71 – 569.52 | |
| Digit Symbol | DSymbol | 1.0 | .44 | .56 | .83 | .71 | .70 | .71 | 10 | 19 | 4 | 8 | 5.35 | 1.36 – 21.00 |
| DSymbol | 1.5 | .44 | .33 | .91 | .75 | .64 | .66 | 6 | 21 | 2 | 12 | 4.47 | 0.89 – 22.52 | |
| DSymbol | 2.0 | .44 | .28 | .96 | .83 | .63 | .66 | 5 | 22 | 1 | 13 | 6.11 | 0.89 – 41.99 |
Note. Dep. Var.=dependent variable; Impair. (SD)=impairment level at 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 standard deviations below the mean of controls in the current sample; Prev.=Prevalence; Sens.=sensitivity; Spec.=specificity; PPP=positive predictive power; NPP=negative predictive power; OPP=overall predictive power; TP=true positives; TN=true negatives; FP=false positives; FN=false negatives; OR=Odds Ratio; CI=confidence interval.