TABLE 3.
Pharmacokinetic data and AUC from 0 to 48 h and 0 to ∞ after 35 μmol 3, 4-didehydroretinyl acetate was administered to PL1 sows and sows on a VA-free feed for L2 or L3 gestation-lactation cycles1
| Tmax2 | Cmax | λz | t1/2h | V | Cl | AUC0–48h | AUC0-∞ | |
| Serum DR | h | nmol/L | 1/h | h | L | L/h | nmol/L ⋅ h | |
| PL13 | 7.5 ± 1.9 | 7.0 ± 2.5b | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 17 ± 4.5 | 9290 ± 9940a,A,A | 250 ± 117a,A | 366 ± 193b | 570 ± 275b |
| L2 | 14 ± 8.1 | 35 ± 23a | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 27 ± 19 | 1270 ± 428b | 38 ± 17b | 743 ± 258a | 1050 ± 433a |
| L3 | 6.4 ± 1.5* | 110 ± 130 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 23 ± 11 | 1350 ± 770B | 44 ± 25B | 963 ± 662 | 1090 ± 693 |
| Milk DR | nmol/L | |||||||
| PL1 | 16 ± 9.8 | 290 ± 95B | 0.01 ± 0.006b,B | 72 ± 51a,A | NA | NA | 9790 ± 4830 | 26,800 ± 21,200 |
| L2 | 20 ± 13 | 490 ± 260 | 0.04 ± 0.01a | 19 ± 6.6b | NA | NA | 14,000 ± 6590 | 19,200 ± 6710 |
| L3 | 8.6 ± 7.0* | 870 ± 540*,A | 0.09 ± 0.03A,* | 8.6 ± 2.8*,B | NA | NA | 14,000 ± 6520 | 15,300 ± 6990 |
| Milk DR | nmol/g fat | nmol/g fat ⋅ h | ||||||
| PL1 | 8.5 ± 1.0 | 4.6 ± 1.5 | 0.02 ± 0.006B | 30 ± 6.9A | NA | NA | 118 ± 57 | 212 ± 136B |
| L2 | 17 ± 12 | 8.5 ± 5.9 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 48 ± 65 | NA | NA | 164 ± 94 | 328 ± 239 |
| L3 | 10 ± 6.6 | 14 ± 8.6 | 0.08 ± 0.01*,A | 4.8 ± 1.8B | NA | NA | 212 ± 110 | 235 ± 116A |
1
Values are means ± SD, = 4, 8, and 7 for PL1, L2, and L3, respectively. Labeled PL1 and L2 means without a common lowercase letter differ, P < 0.05; labeled PL1 and L3 means without a common uppercase letter differ, P < 0.05 (unpaired t test). *Different from L2, P < 0.05 (paired t test).
2
NA, not applicable.
3
PL1 were a separate group of VA-replete lactating sows from previous work (15). L2 and L3 were the same sows, but fed a VA-deficient feed; data were collected during L2 and L3.