Table 3.

Variance shared between research model constructs

Study one	Variance
	VC	CA	TMS	C	OHC	OC	OF	CE	GSE	OR
Vision clarity (VC)	0.82
Change appropriateness (CA)	0.75**	0.89
Top-management support (TMS)	0.42**	0.27*	0.77
Presence of a champion (C)	0.48**	0.47**	0.67**	0.89
Organizational history of change (OHC)	0.51**	0.50**	0.51**	0.55**	0.79
Organizational conflicts (OC)	-0.25*	-0.26*	-0.55**	-0.50**	-0.45**	0.77
Organizational flexibility (OF)	0.39**	0.49**	0.52**	0.50**	0.68**	-0.64**	0.79
Change efficacy (CE)	0.60**	0.74**	0.59**	0.60**	0.66**	-0.47**	0.55**	0.85
Group self-efficacy (GSE)	0.46**	0.54**	0.23*	0.34*	0.56**	-0.29**	0.51**	0.39*	0.81
Organizational readiness (OR)	0.80**	0.80**	0.35*	0.45**	0.59**	-0.33**	0.60**	0.74**	0.51**	0.88
Study two	Variance
	VC	CA	TMS	C	OHC	OC	OF	CE	GSE	OR
Vision clarity (VC)	0.86
Change appropriateness (CA)	0.72**	0.90
Top-management support (TMS)	0.44**	0.47**	0.80
Presence of a champion (C)	0.67**	0.66**	0.73**	0.87
Organizational history of change (OHC)	0.48**	0.51**	0.57**	0.60**	0.76
Organizational conflicts (OC)	-0.11*	-0.13*	-0.32*	-0.30*	-0.47**	0.81
Organizational flexibility (OF)	0.23**	0.25**	0.38**	0.38**	0.63**	-0.61**	0.82
Change efficacy (CE)	0.71**	0.71**	0.43**	0.69**	0.57**	-0.18ns	0.28*	0.82
Group self-efficacy (GSE)	0.20**	0.48**	0.41**	0.46*	0.61**	-0.31**	0.49**	0.49**	0.82
Organizational readiness (OR)	0.79**	0.79**	0.51**	0.73**	0.60**	-0.29**	0.38**	0.72**	0.56**	0.86

** p < 0.001; * p < 0.05; ns = non significant

The bold numbers on the leading diagonal show the square root of the variance shared by the constructs and their measures. Off-diagonal elements are the correlations among constructs. For discriminant validity, diagonal elements should be larger than off-diagonal elements.