Table 2.

Adrenocortical causes of hypertension.

Low renin and high aldosterone
Primary aldosteronism
(1) Aldosterone producing adenomas(APA)—35% of cases
(2) Bilateral idiopathic hyperplasia(IHA)—60% of cases
(3) Primary adrenal hyperplasia—2% of cases
(4) Aldosterone-producing adrenocortical carcinoma—<1% of cases
(5) Familial Hyperaldosteronism(FH)
(i) Glucocorticoid-remediable Aldosteronism(FH type I)—<1% of cases
(ii) FH type II(APA or IHA)—<2% of cases
(6) Ectopic aldosterone producing adenoma or carcinoma-<0.1% of cases
Low renin and low aldosterone
Hyperdeoxycorticosteronism
(1) Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
11β-hydroxylase deficiency
17α-hydroxylase deficiency
(2) Deoxycorticosterone producing tumor
(3) Primary cortisol resistance
(4) Apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME) 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency (Genetic or Acquired)
(5) Cushing's syndrome and Cushing's disease