Table 5.
Postdiagnosis vitamin supplement use in association with total mortality and breast cancer recurrence by tumor characteristics and tamoxifen use, Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study (n=4,877)
| Vitamin use | Cohort | Total Mortality |
Breast Cancer Recurrence |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Events | HR* 95% CI | No. of Events | HR* 95% CI | ||
| ER+/PR+ (n=2,439) | |||||
| Never postdiagnosis | 1,551 | 98 | 1.00 (referent) | 123 | 1.00 (referent) |
| Any type postdiagnosis | 888 | 53 | 0.98 (0.69–1.38) | 66 | 0.95 (0.70–1.29) |
| Any antioxidant postdiagnosis† | 683 | 37 | 0.91 (0.61–1.34) | 49 | 0.93 (0.66–1.31) |
| ER−/PR− (n=1,350) | |||||
| Never postdiagnosis | 843 | 123 | 1.00 (referent) | 142 | 1.00 (referent) |
| Any type postdiagnosis | 507 | 62 | 0.84 (0.61–1.16) | 71 | 0.78 (0.58–1.05) |
| Any antioxidant postdiagnosis† | 394 | 45 | 0.77 (0.54–1.11) | 51 | 0.71 (0.51–0.99) |
| Stage I or II (n=4,162) | |||||
| Never postdiagnosis | 2638 | 185 | 1.00 (referent) | 231 | 1.00 (referent) |
| Any type postdiagnosis | 1524 | 95 | 0.86 (0.67–1.10) | 116 | 0.82 (0.65–1.03) |
| Any antioxidant postdiagnosis† | 1180 | 67 | 0.79 (0.59–1.05) | 83 | 0.76 (0.59–0.98) |
| Stage III or IV (n=492) | |||||
| Never postdiagnosis | 322 | 99 | 1.00 (referent) | 113 | 1.00 (referent) |
| Any type postdiagnosis | 170 | 48 | 0.87 (0.60–1.27) | 56 | 0.80 (0.57–1.14) |
| Any antioxidant postdiagnosis† | 134 | 37 | 0.84 (0.56–1.25) | 44 | 0.75 (0.51–1.09) |
| Used tamoxifen (n=2,523) | |||||
| Never postdiagnosis | 1572 | 125 | 1.00 (referent) | 153 | 1.00 (referent) |
| Any type postdiagnosis | 951 | 68 | 0.90 (0.66–1.22) | 79 | 0.77 (0.58–1.02) |
| Any antioxidant postdiagnosis† | 730 | 51 | 0.89 (0.64–1.25) | 61 | 0.77 (0.57–1.05) |
| Did not use tamoxifen (n=2,354) | |||||
| Never postdiagnosis | 1529 | 172 | 1.00 (referent) | 204 | 1.00 (referent) |
| Any type postdiagnosis | 825 | 79 | 0.89 (0.68–1.18) | 96 | 0.89 (0.69–1.15) |
| Any antioxidant postdiagnosis† | 650 | 56 | 0.78 (0.57–1.06) | 68 | 0.77 (0.58–1.03) |
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; ER estrogen receptor; PR, progesterone receptor.
HRs are adjusted for ER/PR status, TNM stage, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, tamoxifen use, education, income, body mass index, regular tea consumption, regular exercise participation (MET-hours/week), daily cruciferous vegetable intake, daily soy protein intake, and other type of vitamin use (as appropriate). Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from Cox proportional hazards regression models using age as the time scale.
Includes women who used vitamin C, vitamin E, and/or multivitamins.