Appendix A.
Descriptive statistics for time-invariant and time-varying variables
| mean | st.dev. | min | max | n a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time-invariant variables | |||||
| Gender (boy=1) | .48 | 0 | 1 | 769 | |
| Background SES | .14 | 1.6 | −3.3 | 5.3 | 769 |
| Educational promise | 8.52 | 1.9 | 2 | 13 | 769 |
| First two-parent family | .50 | 0 | 1 | 769 | |
| Time-varying dependent variables | |||||
| Mastery | 9.92 | 2.7 | 1 | 16 | 2983 |
| Self-esteem | 13.07 | 3.7 | 1 | 21 | 2983 |
| Mother Quality | 8.43 | 3.0 | 1 | 13 | 2926 |
| Father Quality | 6.71 | 3.1 | 1 | 13 | 2688 |
| School Strain (excluding non-students) | 3.19 | 1.0 | 1 | 5 | 2863 |
| Work Strain (excluding non-workers) | 7.25 | 3.3 | 1 | 19 | 1715 |
| Time-varying independent variables | |||||
| Mother Quality (imputed) | 8.43 | 3.0 | 1 | 13 | 2983 |
| Father Quality (imputed) | 6.64 | 3.2 | 1 | 13 | 2983 |
| School Strain | 3.06 | 1.1 | 0 | 5 | 2983 |
| Not in school | .04 | .2 | 0 | 1 | 2983 |
| Work Strain | 4.17 | 4.4 | 0 | 19 | 2983 |
| Not working | .43 | .5 | 0 | 1 | 2983 |
Notes:
a
For time-invariant variables n represents the number of respondents in the sample. For the time-varying variables n represents the number of observations across the four waves of data.