Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Biomed Eng. 2009 Apr 2;37(6):1082–1092. doi: 10.1007/s10439-009-9684-3

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Effects of the medium pulse flow with steady flow preconditioning on gene expressions by distal PMVECs were compared to those of the steady flow. PMVECs were exposed to steady flow before they were exposed to the pulse flow at frequency of 2Hz. Both of the flow conditions had the same mean flow rate with shear stress at 14 dynes/cm2 and the same perfusion time. The mRNA expression was detected using real-time RT-PCR and expressed as fold change relative to the static condition. Data represent mean ± SEM. “F” means frequency of flow. ‘*’: significantly different from the steady flow (P ≤ 0.05).