Table I.
Baseline Characteristics of Parents and Children from the PRINTS study
| N (children) |
N (%) | Median (IQR) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 678 | 6m (4.3–9.5) | ||
| Sex (% female) | 678 | 352 (52%) | ||
| Monozygotic | 678 | 240 (35%) | ||
| Environmental tobacco exposure (ETS) | 678 | 111 (16%) | ||
| Maternal asthma | 672 | 162 (24%) | ||
| Paternal asthma | 584 | 110 (19%) | ||
| Parental asthma (either parent) | 678 | 246 (36%) | ||
| Household income (% above median) | 658 | 246 (37%) | ||
| Public Assistance (% receiving) | 678 | 346 (51%) | ||
| Parental Education (% ≥ high school) | 678 | 600 (89%) | ||
| Gestational Age | 662 | 35 wks (34–37) | ||
| Psychosocial measures | ||||
|
N (parents) |
||||
| Paternal PTSD# | 339 | 1 (0–5) | ||
| Paternal major depressive episode | 292 | 12 (4%) | ||
| Paternal anti-social behavior | 339 | 13 (11–13) | ||
| Maternal depressive symptoms | 310 | 2.0 (1–5) | ||
| Parental Depression | 586 | |||
| neither parent | 292 (50%) | |||
| one parent | 274 (47%) | |||
| both parents | 20 (3%) | |||
| Outcomes (1yr of age) | ||||
|
N (children) |
||||
| Asthma symptoms (last 4 wks) | 678 | 411 (61%) | ||
| Oral Steroid use (last 12mos) | 678 | 121 (18%) | ||
|
Hospitalizations for asthma (last 12mos) |
678 | 61 (9%) | ||
| Asthma diagnosis | 671 | 127 (19%) | ||
| Outcomes (3yrs of age) | ||||
| Urgent MD or ED visits (12mos) | 624 | 95 (15%) | ||
| Oral Steroid use (last 12mos) | 624 | 147 (24%) | ||
|
Hospitalizations for asthma (last 12mos) |
624 | 53 (8%) | ||
| Asthma diagnosis | 624 | 152 (24%) | ||
#
PTSD: post-traumatic stress disorder