Table 1.
Description of the sample and cognitive measures
| Variable; mean (SD) or % | Total | Men | Women | p-values of group comparisons; calculated by ANOVA (A) or χ2 tests | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normotensive | Hypertensive | Normotensive | Hypertensive | Sex | HTN | Sex ×HTN | |||
| Number of participants | 93 | 25 | 15 | 32 | 21 | ||||
| Age | 62.0 (7.9) | 61.4 (7.7) | 61.1 (8.4) | 61.2 (7.8) | 64.7 (8.0) | A | 0.438 | 0.253 | 0.279 |
| Education in years | 15.8 (2.6) | 15.5 (2.6) | 16.8 (3.3) | 15.5 (2.6) | 15.9 (2.4) | A | 0.572 | 0.189 | 0.385 |
| Caucasian race | 68.8 % | 68.0 % | 80.0 % | 75.0 % | 52.4 % | χ2 | 0.505 | 0.415 | |
| Hypertensive medication | 33.3 % | 0.0 % | 86.7 % | 0.0 % | 85.7 % | χ2 | 0.882 | <0.001*** | |
| Years of treatment with medication | 2.2 (4.4) | 0.0 (0.0) | 6.1 (5.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 5.5 (5.8) | A | 0.900 | <0.001*** | 0.671 |
| Systolic Pressure in mm Hg | 126.5 (12.6) | 122.7 (9.3) | 133.6 (13.0) | 120.8 (10.4) | 134.6 (12.6) | A | 0.844 | <0.001*** | 0.548 |
| Diastolic Pressure in mm Hg | 76.4 (7.2) | 74.4 (5.4) | 81.5 (9.4) | 73.1 (6.4) | 80.1 (4.9) | A | 0.447 | <0.001*** | 0.972 |
| MMSE | 28.6 (1.0) | 28.7 (1.2) | 28.4 (1.1) | 28.6 (1.0) | 28.7 (0.7) | A | 0.781 | 0.706 | 0.364 |
| Intracranial volume in ml | 1366.9 (160.9) | 1469.0 (147.2) | 1435.8 (186.3) | 1325.3 (111.3) | 1259.7 (134.5) | A | <0.001** | 0.107 | 0.594 |
| WCST, perseverative errors | 18.1 (11.1) | 14.9 (9.6) | 15.4 (11.4) | 21.9 (10.0) | 17.9 (12.9) | A | 0.025* | 0.411 | 0.349 |
| Stroop color naming task, seconds | 21.0 (7.8) | 21.7 (8.9) | 19.0 (8.0) | 21.6 (7.6) | 20.7 (6.8) | A | 0.738 | 0.321 | 0.601 |
| NBV3ER, errors for 3-back trials | 6.4 (4.1) | 6.5 (4.1) | 7.3 (4.6) | 6.1 (3.6) | 6.3 (4.5) | A | 0.455 | 0.591 | 0.724 |
| NBNV3ER, errors for 3-back trials | 11.6 (4.4) | 10.4 (4.5) | 11.4 (4.3) | 12.8 (4.4) | 11.1 (4.3) | A | 0.147 | 0.583 | 0.169 |
| NBV1RT, reaction time | 1483.2 (348.8) | 1551.7 (391.4) | 1466.4 (295.3) | 1417.7 (291.6) | 1510.1 (409.4) | A | 0.380 | 0.848 | 0.243 |
| NBV2RT, reaction time | 1792.6 (448.4) | 1696.9 (368.3) | 1653.3 (285.2) | 1763.3 (368.6) | 2049.0 (628.5) | A | 0.035* | 0.117 | 0.081 |
| NBNV1RT, reaction time | 3355.0 (704.8) | 3517.5 (881.1) | 3234.0 (554.4) | 3218.7 (637.4) | 3450.0 (645.5) | A | 0.482 | 0.928 | 0.097 |
| NBNV2RT, reaction time | 3977.2 (831.1) | 4100.3 (941.0) | 3634.8 (661.3) | 3836.6 (704.3) | 4282.7 (891.2) | A | 0.605 | 0.744 | 0.011* |
| LetComp, no of correct items | 18.4 (4.6) | 17.5 (4.5) | 19.1 (3.8) | 19.5 (4.8) | 17.5 (4.7) | A | 0.506 | 0.616 | 0.066 |
| PatComp, no of correct items | 30.6 (5.2) | 30.0 (5.7) | 31.0 (4.7) | 30.8 (5.7) | 30.6 (4.5) | A | 0.714 | 0.775 | 0.582 |
Note. Effects are from univariate ANOVAs (A); and χ2 tests. HTN – Hypertension, WCST = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; NBV = N-back verbal; NBNV = N-back nonverbal; LetCom = Letter Comparison; PatComp = Pattern Comparison.
*
p<0.05;
***
p<0.001.