The dual stream model (Hickok and Poeppel, 2000, 2004, 2007) holds that early stages of speech processing occurs bilaterally in auditory regions on the dorsal STG (spectrotemporal analysis; green) and STS (phonological access/representation; yellow), and then diverges into two broad streams: a temporal lobe ventral stream supports speech comprehension (lexical access and combinatorial processes; pink) whereas a strongly left dominant dorsal stream supports sensory-motor integration and involves structures at the parietal-temporal junction (Spt) and frontal lobe. The conceptual network (gray box) is assumed to be widely distributed throughout cortex. IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; ITS, inferior temporal sulcus; MTG, middle temporal gyrus; PM, premotor; Spt, Sylvian parietal-temporal; STG, superior temporal gyrus; STS, superior temporal sulcus Figure reprinted with permission from (Hickok and Poeppel, 2007).