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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Feb 10.

Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2011 Feb 10;69(3):407–422. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.01.019

Dysfunctional states of SFC system for speech. A. Proposed source of the deficit in conduction aphasia: damage to the auditory-motor translation system. Input from the lexical conceptual system to motor and auditory phonological systems are unaffected allowing for fluent output and accurate activation of sensory targets. However, internal forward sensory predictions are not possible leading to an increase in error rate. Further, errors detected as a consequence of mismatches between sensory targets and actual sensory feedback cannot be used to correct motor commands. B. Proposed source of the dysfunction in stuttering: noisy auditory-motor translation. Motor commands result in sometimes inaccurate sensory predictions due to the noisy sensorimotor mapping which trigger error correction signals that are themselves noisy, further exacerbating the problem and resulting in stuttering.

Dysfunctional states of SFC system for speech. A. Proposed source of the deficit in conduction aphasia: damage to the auditory-motor translation system. Input from the lexical conceptual system to motor and auditory phonological systems are unaffected allowing for fluent output and accurate activation of sensory targets. However, internal forward sensory predictions are not possible leading to an increase in error rate. Further, errors detected as a consequence of mismatches between sensory targets and actual sensory feedback cannot be used to correct motor commands. B. Proposed source of the dysfunction in stuttering: noisy auditory-motor translation. Motor commands result in sometimes inaccurate sensory predictions due to the noisy sensorimotor mapping which trigger error correction signals that are themselves noisy, further exacerbating the problem and resulting in stuttering.