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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: AIDS Care. 2011 Apr;23(4):401–412. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2010.516333

Table 5.

Ihahamuka symptoms

Indicator KI Mention Symptom N=49 (%)
Is lonely Numva ndi jyenyine 25 (51%)
Thinks about his/her problems and feels crazy
Thinks a lot
Atekereza ku bibazo bye akumva abaye
umusazi
Aratekereza cyane
22 (45%)
Feels like he/she has lost his/her mind
Feels like he/she is not in his/her right mind
Has problems within his/her mind
Loiters like someone who is crazy
Yumva ameze nk'uwataye umutwe
Yumva mu mutwe we hatameze neza
Afite ibibazo mu mutwe we
Azerera nk'umusazi
17 (35%)
Is hopeless
Feels like there is nothing good in life
Yumva nta cyizere afite
Yumva nta kintu cyiza kiri mu buzima
14 (29%)
Is sad
Always feels sad
Yumva mbabaye
Buri gihe yumva ababaye
13 (27%)
Feels like hiding from others
Does not like playing with others
Yumva yakwihisha abandi
Ntakunda gukina n'abandi
13 (27%)
Does not like to study
Feels like studying is useless
Fails at school
Does not grasp or understand school work
Ntashaka kwiga
Yumva kwiga nta kamaro bifite
Ndatsindwa ku ishuli
Ntanjya afata cg ngo yumve ibyo yiga
8 (16%)
Dislikes interacting with others Ntakunda gusabana n'abandi 7 (14%)
Feels useless or valueless Yumva nta gaciro cg akamaro afite 5 (10%)
Feels like crying Yumva ameze nk'urimo kurira 5 (10%)
Feels like he/she is not based anywhere (does not have a sense of groundedness) Yumva ntaho ashingiye 5 (10%)
Is always afraid
Is fearful
Always has fear
Ahorana ubwoba
Agira ubwoba bwinshi
Ighe cyose aba afite ubwoba
4 (8%)
Feels like fighting Yumva ashaka kurwana 4 (8%)
Does what he/she feels like doing
Does whatever he/she wants to do
Akora ibyo yumva ashaka
Akora icyo ashatse gukora cyose
3 (6%)
Feels like people will cause him/her harm (feels threatened by people) Yumva abantu bazamugirira nabi
(bamuteye ubwoba)
3 (6%)
Feels uneasy
Never feels peaceful
Is not at ease
Yumva atamerewe neza
Ntajya yumva afite amahoro
Ntatuje
3 (6%)
Feels like screaming Yumva yavuza induru 2 (4%)

Agreed upon by less than 50% of clinicians, but regarded as clinically relevant by local psychologist.

Endorsed by more than 50% of clinicians.