Table 2.

Levels of IL-12p40 and IFN-γ in uncomplicated and severe malaria, and non-hyperparasitaemia vs. hyperparasitaemia.

	All Study Participants			Severe Malaria Patients
	UM	SM	p	Non-hyperparasitaemia	Hyperparasitaemia	p
IL-12p40 (pg/mL), median (IQR)	27.0 (10.0–98.8)	95.1 (27.6–133.1)	0.049	35.1 (12.5–103.9)	121.9 (43.3–163.3)	0.046
sample size	56	25		14	11
IFN-γ (pg/mL), median (IQR)	283.5 (118.5–473.5)	387.0 (144.2–632.0)	0.051	333.0 (136.7–580.2)	486.0 (153.0–710.5)	0.228
sample size	106	75		42	33

Patients with P. falciparum infection were categorized as uncomplicated or severe malaria according to WHO criteria (WHO, 2000). Patients with severe malaria were further stratified as non- hyperparasitaemia (<250,000 parasites/µL) and hyperparasitaemia (≥250,000 parasites/µL). IL-12p40 and IFN-γ were measured in those subjects with adequate volumes of available plasma samples. Results are presented as median and interquartile range (IQR), with p≤0.05 considered statistically significant. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare cytokine levels between the disease conditions.