Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Immunol Rev. 2011 Mar;240(1):92–104. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2010.00995.x

Fig. 3. Three types of autophagy intersections with immune processes.

Fig. 3

Type I immunophagy, encompasses specialized roles of autophagy in capturing, processing, or delivering microbes or microbial or endogenous immunologically active molecules. SLRs (p62/sequestasome-like receptors) that serve as bridges between microbial targets and autophagosomes. Xenophagy, process of direct capture and destruction of microbes in autolysosomes. APMA, autophagic activation of macrophages (a term describing the cumulative state of immunological activities and processes in macrophages induced for autophagy). PRR, pattern recognition receptors. Type II immunophagy refers to the role of autophagy in controlling cellular viability and general functionality of immune cells in ways that are not different than effects in all other cell types (e.g. neurons). Type III processes are those that are affected by isolated Atg factors but are not dependent on the execution of the entire autophagic pathway, as described in Fig. 2. For example, Atg5-Atg12 has been implicated in inhibition of RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling, whereas Atg9 has been implicated in negatively regulating TBK1 as it contributes to type I interferon secretion.