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. 2010 Dec 1;202(11):1708–1712. doi: 10.1086/657086

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Figure 2. — Cytokine concentrations in the cecum and colon 72 h after oral inoculation with 1 X 10⁸ colony-forming units of UVA13 (BI/NAP1 [BI] strain of Clostridium difficile), VPI 11186 (nontoxigenic strain), or broth. Cecal (A) and colon (B) segments were homogenized in a proteinase inhibitor cocktail and assayed for the cytokines granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 12 p40 (IL-12p40), interleukin 12 p70 (IL-12p70), interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 17 (IL-17), and interleukin 13 (IL-13) by use of Luminex immunoanalysis (Bio-Rad). There were no significant differences in IL-6, IL-17, or IL-13 concentrations between the groups (data not shown). * P⩾ .05 for BI-infected mice (N = 11) compared with broth controls (N = 6); ** P ⩽ .001 for BI-infected mice (N = 11) compared with broth controls (N = 6).