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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurosurg. 2010 Nov 12;114(2):549–559. doi: 10.3171/2010.10.JNS10925

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Effect of CEPO on functional recovery after TBI. a: Effect of CEPO on spatial learning function 31–35 days after TBI. TBI significantly impairs spatial learning on Days 32–35 compared to sham controls (p < 0.05). Delayed treatment with CEPO improves spatial learning performance measured by a recent version of the water maze test on Days 32–35 (CEPO x 3) or Days 33–35 (CEPO x 1) compared with the vehicle group (p < 0.05). CEPO x 3 treatment shows better spatial learning compared to CEPO x 1 treatment on Days 32–35 after TBI (p < 0.05). b: The line graph shows the functional improvement detected on the modified neurological severity scores (mNSS). CEPO treatment significantly lowers mNSS scores on Days 4–35 (CEPO x 3) or Days 7–35 (CEPO x 1) compared to the vehicle group (p < 0.05). CEPO x 3 treatment shows significantly lowered mNSS scores compared to CEPO x 1 treatment on Days 14–35 after TBI (p < 0.05). c: Effect of CEPO on sensorimotor function (forelimb footfault) after TBI. “Pre” represents pre-injury level. TBI significantly impairs sensorimotor function on Days 1–35 compared to sham controls (p < 0.05). Delayed CEPO treatment significantly reduces forelimb foot faults on Days 4–35 (CEPO x 3) or Days 7–35 (CEPO x 1) compared with the vehicle treated group (p < 0.05). However, CEPO x 3 treatment has a much lower incidence of forelimb footfaults than CEPO x 1 treatment on Days 4–14 after TBI (p < 0.05). d: Effect of CEPO on sensorimotor function (hindlimb footfault) after TBI. “Pre” represents pre-injury level. TBI significantly impairs sensorimotor function on Days 1–35 compared to sham controls (p < 0.05). Delayed CEPO treatment significantly reduces hindlimb foot faults on Days 7–35 (CEPO x 3 and CEPO x 1) compared with the vehicle-treated group (p < 0.05). However, CEPO x 3 treatment has much lower incidence of hindlimb footfaults than CEPO x 1 treatment on Days 7–35 after TBI (p < 0.05). Data represent mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 vs Sham group. #p < 0.05 vs Vehicle group. $p < 0.05 vs CEPO x 1 group. N (rats/group) = 8.