TABLE 2.
Weight changes during pregnancy by treatment group and BMI category1
| NW |
OW/OB |
|||
| Standard care (n = 94) | Intervention (n = 92) | Standard care (n = 90) | Intervention (n = 87) | |
| Total weight gain, pregravid to delivery (kg)2 | 16.2 ± 4.63 | 15.3 ± 4.4 | 15.1 ± 7.5 | 14.7 ± 6.9 |
| Exceeded IOM recommendations (%)4 | 52.1 | 40.2 | 61.1 | 66.7 |
| Gain (kg)2 | 19.7 ± 3.1 | 19.5 ± 3.3 | 19.6 ± 5.5 | 18.2 ± 4.8 |
| Within IOM recommendations (%)4 | 35.1 | 45.7 | 24.4 | 20.7 |
| Gain (kg)2 | 13.6 ± 1.3 | 13.5 ± 1.5 | 10.1 ± 1.9 | 10.2 ± 2.5 |
| Below IOM recommendations (%)4 | 12.8 | 14.1 | 13.3 | 12.6 |
| Gain (kg)2 | 9.1 ± 1.5 | 9.4 ± 1.3 | 4.0 ± 3.3 | 3.4 ± 3.9 |
| Clinic visits at which subjects exceeded IOM recommendations (%) | 35.1 | 26.0 | 63.0 | 58.0 |
| Exceeded IOM recommendations at some point during pregnancy (%)5 | 55.3 | 51.1 | 68.9 | 72.4 |
| Subjects who exceeded IOM recommendations during pregnancy but were within recommendations at delivery (%) | 3.2 | 10.9 | 7.8 | 5.7 |
| 6 mo postpartum6 | ||||
| Weight loss since delivery (kg)7 | 12.6 ± 4.7 | 12.7 ± 4.0 | 10.4 ± 5.9 | 11.3 ± 5.5 |
| Net weight retention (kg)7 | 3.3 ± 3.5 | 2.1 ± 4.7 | 4.3 ± 6.2 | 3.7 ± 5.9 |
| Subjects at or below prepregnancy weight (%)8 | 20.7 | 35.6 | 16.7 | 25.6 |
IOM, Institute of Medicine; NW, normal weight; OW/OB, overweight or obese. All models were adjusted for clinic, total weeks of gestation at delivery, race, age, and parity.
On the basis of analyses of completers: n = 91 NW standard care, n = 89 NW intervention, n = 83 OW/OB standard care, and n = 80 NW intervention. Repeated-measures analysis showed no significant effects of treatment group on continuous measures of weight changes during pregnancy.
Mean ± SD (all such values).
Intent-to-treat analyses showed a significant interaction between treatment group and BMI category for excessive total gestational weight gain compared with all other weight-gain categories [odds ratio (OR): 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.97; P = 0.04].
Multiple logistic regression intent-to-treat analysis indicated a significant main effect for BMI category (OR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.43; P = 0.0001).
Six-month postpartum analysis excluded participants who became pregnant (n = 5).
On the basis of analyses of completers: n = 81 NW standard care, n = 72 NW intervention, n = 68 OW/OB standard care, and n = 70 OW/OB intervention. Repeated-measures analysis showed no significant effects of treatment group on continuous measures of weight changes postpartum.
Intent-to-treat analyses showed that the intervention increased percentages of NW and OW/OB women who achieved their preconception weights or below at 6 mo postpartum (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.3, 3.5; P = 0.005); there was no significant weight × treatment group interaction (P = 0.71).