Posttranslational modifications of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). Numerous modifications have been described to affect PGC-1α, modulating its levels and activity through phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and O-linked N-acetylglucosylation. The respective residues or regions where these modifications occur are indicated. Certain modification sites are mapped in the mouse or the human PGC-1α protein (as indicated in the key). AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; PKA, protein kinase A; p38MAPK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; GSK3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3β; SCFCdc4, Skp1/Cullin/F-box cell division control 4; OGT, O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase; Clk2, Cdc2-like kinase 2; Ac, acetylation; CPD, Cdc4 phosphodegron; SR, serine-arginine domain; GCN5, general control of amino acid synthesis 5; Sirt1, silence information regulator 2-like 1; PRMT1, protein arginine methyltransferase 1.