TABLE 1.
Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies | Cerebrovascular | Systemic/Homeostatic |
---|---|---|
β-amyloidopathy | Stroke | Stress, pain, sleep |
Tauopathy | White matter degeneration (leukoaraiosis) | Emotional dysregulation |
α-synucleinopathy | Diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia | Diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia |
TDP-43opathy | Cardiorespiratory insufficiency | CNS inflammation |
Hippocampal sclerosis | Hippocampal sclerosis | Medications, toxins |
CNS=Central nervous system. β-amyloid, tau, α-synuclein, and TDP-43 (Transactivation response DNA binding protein) are examples of proteins which aggregate and are detectable via pathologic evaluation in neurodegenerative diseases. Note that mechanistic categories may not be entirely distinct, for example if ischemic changes lead to neurodegeneration. As such, pathobiologic conditions may pertain to more than one category.