Table 1.

Sentence types used in the Sentence-Picture Matching and Object Manipulation tasks (in SPM, sentences had sentence-final adverbs because of the additional SPM self-paced study).

Passives (NP trace)

Full Passive

Experimental Sentence (FP): The woman was chased by the man

Baseline Sentence (A): The man chased the woman

Truncated Passive

Experimental Sentence (TP): The woman was chased

Baseline Sentence (A): The man chased the woman

Relative clauses (wh trace)

Cleft Object

Experimental Sentence (CO): It was the woman who the man chased

Baseline Sentence (CS): It was the man who chased the woman

Subject Object Relative

Experimental Sentence SO): The man who the woman chased followed the girl

Baseline Sentence (SS): The man who chased the woman followed the girl

Reflexives

Reflexive with Genitive

Experimental Sentence (RG): The brother of the king shaved himself

Baseline Sentence (RG-B): The brother of the king shaved the man

Reflexive Possessive (RP)

Experimental Sentence (RP): The king’s brother shaved himself

Baseline Sentence (RP-B): The king’s brother shaved the man