Figure 2. Map of Loango research site, geographic location of all faecal samples in study and the seven Loango chimpanzee groups.

Males are designated by their Y-chromosome haplotype (uppercase A-I). Females are designated by the lowercase letter(s) of the group in whose minimum convex polygon (MCP) they were found (a, bi, c, dg, e, f or h). Females that did not occur in any MCP or that were found in association with more than one group throughout the study are represented by black circles. In cases where females were found both within and outside of a given MCP, the MCP was enlarged to include the “exterior” geographic location of the female. MCPs represent minimum territory boundaries of each chimpanzee community. Area of MCPs stated in parentheses in legend. For group H (southern most points) only 2 individuals were identified and so no MCP could be drawn. Inset, map of Africa with Gabon highlighted in white, arrow indicates location of Loango field site.