Table 1. Clinical and biochemical subject characteristics with respect to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
| No T2DM | T2DM | P value | |
| Individuals (n) | 1257 | 393 | - |
| Age (years) | 63.7±10.8 | 65.4±9.9 | 0.001 |
| Male sex (%) | 66.2 | 67.2 | 0.718 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1±4.1 | 29.1±4.8 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 52.1 | 58.0 | 0.041 |
| Smoking (%) | 57.0 | 65.6 | 0.002 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 208±45 | 192±47 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 132±38 | 118±38 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 55±17 | 49±14 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 142±90 | 171±112 | <0.001 |
| Use of statins (%) | 43.4 | 54.7 | <0.001 |
| Insulin (µU/ml) | 10.3±9.0 | 18.7±45.6 | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 5.4±0.7 | 8.4±2.7 | <0.001 |
| HOMA IR | 2.6±2.8 | 6.3±6.9 | <0.001 |
| HOMA BCF | 116±89 | 86±87 | <0.001 |
Differences in categorical variables were tested for statistical significance with the Chi-square test. For continuous variables t-tests were applied. Non-normally distributed variables [i.e. age, BMI, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) insulin resistance (IR), and HOMA beta cell function (BCF)] were log-transformed prior to statistical analysis. Continuous variables are given as mean ± SD (of non log-transformed values).