Table 1. Effects of dual task performance, instructed focus, and task difficulty on absolute and relative measures of cognitive task and walking performance.

	Usual-base walking			Narrow-base walking
	Single task	Dual task		Single task	Dual task
		Walking focus	Cognitive focus		Walking focus	Cognitive focus
Walking
Gait speed (m/s)	1.86 (0.21)	1.88 (0.22)	1.80 (0.22)	1.74 (0.25)	1.74 (0.26)	1.74 (0.26)
Gait speed DTE (%)	–	1.4 (3.9)	−3.5 (3.4)	–	0.0 (3.6)	−0.1 (4.4)
Step accuracy (%)	–	–	–	56.7 (15.4)	51.4 (19.8)	45.1 (15.9)
Step accuracy DTE (%)	–	–	–	–	−10.6 (17.7)	−21.6 (15.0)
Walking DTE (%)	–	1.4 (3.9)	−3.5 (3.4)	–	−10.6 (16.5)	−21.6 (14.9)
Cognitive task
Response latency (s)	0.65 (0.10)	0.82 (0.12)	0.66 (0.10)	0.65 (0.10)	0.83 (0.14)	0.71 (0.13)
Response latency DTE (%)	–	−27.0 (14.6)	−2.2 (9.6)	–	−28.7 (19.9)	−8.8 (16.3)
Response accuracy (%)	99.2 (1.1)	98.8 (2.3)	99.7 (0.9)	99.2 (1.1)	98.8 (2.4)	98.7 (2.1)
Response accuracy DTE (%)	–	−0.4 (2.1)	0.5 (1.1)	–	−0.4 (2.8)	−0.6 (2.1)
Cognitive task DTE (%)	–	−27.4 (14.6)	−1.8 (10.0)	–	−29.1 (20.0)	−9.4 (16.7)

Values represent the mean (standard deviation). DTE dual task effects. Positive DTE values indicate an improvement under dual compared to single task conditions. Negative DTE values indicate a decrement under dual compared to single task conditions