Table 1. Effects of dual task performance, instructed focus, and task difficulty on absolute and relative measures of cognitive task and walking performance.
Usual-base walking | Narrow-base walking | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Single task | Dual task | Single task | Dual task | |||
Walking focus | Cognitive focus | Walking focus | Cognitive focus | |||
Walking | ||||||
Gait speed (m/s) | 1.86 (0.21) | 1.88 (0.22) | 1.80 (0.22) | 1.74 (0.25) | 1.74 (0.26) | 1.74 (0.26) |
Gait speed DTE (%) | – | 1.4 (3.9) | −3.5 (3.4) | – | 0.0 (3.6) | −0.1 (4.4) |
Step accuracy (%) | – | – | – | 56.7 (15.4) | 51.4 (19.8) | 45.1 (15.9) |
Step accuracy DTE (%) | – | – | – | – | −10.6 (17.7) | −21.6 (15.0) |
Walking DTE (%) | – | 1.4 (3.9) | −3.5 (3.4) | – | −10.6 (16.5) | −21.6 (14.9) |
Cognitive task | ||||||
Response latency (s) | 0.65 (0.10) | 0.82 (0.12) | 0.66 (0.10) | 0.65 (0.10) | 0.83 (0.14) | 0.71 (0.13) |
Response latency DTE (%) | – | −27.0 (14.6) | −2.2 (9.6) | – | −28.7 (19.9) | −8.8 (16.3) |
Response accuracy (%) | 99.2 (1.1) | 98.8 (2.3) | 99.7 (0.9) | 99.2 (1.1) | 98.8 (2.4) | 98.7 (2.1) |
Response accuracy DTE (%) | – | −0.4 (2.1) | 0.5 (1.1) | – | −0.4 (2.8) | −0.6 (2.1) |
Cognitive task DTE (%) | – | −27.4 (14.6) | −1.8 (10.0) | – | −29.1 (20.0) | −9.4 (16.7) |
Values represent the mean (standard deviation). DTE dual task effects. Positive DTE values indicate an improvement under dual compared to single task conditions. Negative DTE values indicate a decrement under dual compared to single task conditions