Table 2.
Sample characteristics by cocaine exposure status and obesity.
| n(%) or Mean (SD) | Exposed (n = 238) | Not Exposed (n = 323) | Obese (n=121) | Not Obese (n=440) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BIOLOGICAL MOTHER | ||||
| Race | ||||
| Black | 195 (82%) | 247 (76%) | 92 (76%) | 350 (80%) |
| White | 24 (10%) | 47 (15%) | 19 (16%) | 52 (12%) |
| Hispanic/Other | 19 (8%) | 29 (9%) | 10 (8%) | 38 (9%) |
| Maternal age, yr | 30.49 (5.13)*** | 26.78 (5.91) | 28.4 (5.51) | 28.3 (5.98) |
| Single | 215 (91%)*** | 246 (76%) | 99 (82%) | 362 (82%) |
| < High school | 110 (46%)** | 108 (34%) | 33 (27%)** | 185 (42%) |
| Medicaid recipient | 209 (88%)** | 253 (78%) | 102 (84%) | 360 (82%) |
| Prenatal Cocaine Use | - | - | 55 (45%) | 183 (42%) |
| Heavy (≥3 days/week) | - | - | 14 (12%) | 46 (11%) |
| Prenatal opiate use | 23 (10%) | 21 (7%) | 16 (13%)* | 28 (6%) |
| Prenatal alcohol use | 184 (77%)*** | 175 (54%) | 70 (58%) | 289 (66%) |
| Heavy (≥0.5 oz abs. alc./day) | 60 (29%)*** | 15 (5%) | 18 (16%) | 57 (14%) |
| Prenatal tobacco use | 200 (84%)*** | 96 (30%) | 67 (55%) | 229 (52%) |
| Heavy (≥10 cigarettes/day) | 87 (43%)*** | 39 (12%) | 31 (27%) | 95 (23%) |
| Prenatal marijuana use | 93 (39%)*** | 31 (10%) | 22 (18%) | 102 (23%) |
| Heavy (≥0.5 joints/day) | 14 (7%)*** | 6 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 19 (5%) |
| CHILD CHARACTERISTICS | ||||
| Mean gestational age | 38.86 (1.34) | 39.02 (1.33) | 39.0 (1.33) | 38.9 (1.33) |
| Birth weight (g) | 2954 (500)*** | 3228 (525) | 3265 (537)** | 3070 (523) |
| Birth length (cm) | 48.63 (2.81)*** | 50.00 (2.66) | 49.97 (2.59)* | 49.27 (2.84) |
| Birth head circum. (cm) | 33.26 (1.62)*** | 34.04 (1.43) | 33.91 (1.58) | 33.66 (1.55) |
| Female sex | 109 (46%) | 144 (45%) | 59 (49%) | 194 (44%) |
| Obesity at 9 years | 55 (23%) | 66 (20%) | - | - |
| BMI ≥ 97th percentile | 48 (20%) | 52 (16%) | 100 (83%) | - |
| POSTNATAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS | ||||
| >2 Caretaker changes | 87 (37%)*** | 26 (8%) | 28 (24%) | 85 (19%) |
| Low SES at 1 month | 62 (28%) | 67 (21%) | 17 (15%)* | 112 (26%) |
| Low SES at 9 years | 55 (23%)** | 41 (13%) | 16 (13%) | 80 (18%) |
| Domestic violence | 68 (29%)* | 64(20%) | 30 (25%) | 102 (23%) |
***
p<.001,
**
p<.01,
*
p<.05