Table 2.

Step-wise associations of race and the receipt of pneumococcal vaccination (influenza vaccination entered last in model)

	Odds ratio (95% confidence interval); P value
	Whites (n=795)	African Americans (n=795)
N (%) receiving pneumococcal vaccination	221 (28%)	178 (22%)
Step 1: Unadjusted	1.00 (Reference)	0.75 (0.60 – 0.94); P =0.013
Step 2: Step 1 + education (≥college=1) and income (≥$25,000/year=1)	1.00 (Reference)	0.79 (0.63 – 0.999); P =0.049
Step 3: Step 2 + demographic variables*	1.00 (Reference)	0.76 (0.60 – 0.97); P =0.029
Step 4: Step 3 + general health, depression and mini-mental state examination score	1.00 (Reference)	0.77 (0.59 – 0.99); P =0.041
Step 5: Step 4 + medical history**	1.00 (Reference)	0.74 (0.56– 0.97); P =0.030
Step 6: Step 5 + influenza vaccination	1.00 (Reference)	0.79 (0.59 – 1.06); P =0.117

^*Demographics: being married, living alone, current smoking, alcohol consumption,

^**Medical history: heart failure, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, arthritis and cancer