Table 3.

Step-wise associations of race and the receipt of pneumococcal vaccination (influenza vaccination entered first in model)

	Odds ratio (95% confidence interval); P value
	Whites (n=795)	African Americans (n=795)
Step 1: Unadjusted	1.00 (Reference)	0.75 (0.60 – 0.94); P =0.013
Step 2: Step 1 + influenza vaccination	1.00 (Reference)	0.81 (0.63 – 1.03); P =0.089
Step 3: Step 2 + education (≥college=1) and income (≥$25,000/year=1)	1.00 (Reference)	0.83 (0.65 – 1.07); P =0.146
Step 4: Step 3 + demographic variables*	1.00 (Reference)	0.80 (0.61 – 1.04); P =0.089
Step 5: Step 4 + general health, depression and mini-mental state examination score	1.00 (Reference)	0.80 (0.61 – 1.06); P =0.125
Step 6: Step 5 + medical history**	1.00 (Reference)	0.79 (0.59– 1.06); P =0.117

^*Demographics: being married, living alone, current smoking, alcohol consumption,

^**Medical history: heart failure, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, arthritis and cancer.