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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Mar 16.
Published in final edited form as: Am Heart J. 2008 Dec 16;157(3):402–411. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2008.10.016

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Band electrode impedance measurement. A, Schematic representation of the band electrode technique. B, Time derivative impedance dZ/dt plotted against time t. Point A marks the fourth heart sound of atrial contraction, point B signals the first heart sound before ventricular isovolumetric contraction and rapid ejection, point C is the maximum dZ/dt, point X is the second heart sound of the closing aortic valve, and point O marks the diastolic filling. Left ventricular ejection time (LVET) is the time between points B and X.