Effects of α2M and Hp on the amyloid fibril formation from β2-m monomer. A, time course of amyloid fibril formation monitored by ThT fluorescence in the absence (black) or presence of 1:20 α2M (red), Hp (blue), or BSA (green). Each point represents the average of three ThT measurements from the same sample. S.D. was <5% of each average value. This is a representative pattern of three independent experiments. B–E, electron microscopy images of the amyloid fibrils formed from β2-m monomer. Monomeric β2-m was incubated at 37 °C for 40 h in the absence (B) or presence of 1:20 α2M (C), Hp (D), or BSA (E). Scale bars, 100 nm.