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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Biol. 2010 Dec 23;16(2):261–272. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00281.x

Figure 2. Time-dependent changes in GDNF mRNA but protein expression after withdrawal from heroin.

Figure 2

Rats self-administered heroin (0.075 mg/kg/injection, n=7-9 per group) or saline (n=8-10 per group) over ten 6-h daily sessions and brains were dissected on withdrawal days 1, 11 or 30. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blots were conducted from samples derived from VTA or nucleus accumbens. Data are presented as percent of the saline control (mean±SEM) within each withdrawal day. GDNF protein levels were normalized to tubulin. * Different from the corresponding saline group within each withdrawal day, p< 0.05.