Table 1. Demographic and Diagnostic Description of Groups.
| Participants | DSM IV Groups | Control v | Control v | ADHD-C v | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | ADHD-C | ADHD-PI (DSM-IV) | ADD | ADHD-C (p) | ADD (p) | ADD (p) | |
| n | 74 | 37 | 34 | 15 | -- | -- | -- |
| % male | 54.1 | 75.7 | 62.2 | 46.7 | .029 | .592 | .053 |
| Age | 15.5 (1.0) | 15.0 (1.1) | 15.3 (1.2) | 15.1(1.1) | .031 | .159 | .902 |
| Full-scale IQ | 112.8 (14.8) | 103.1 (11.0) | 105.5 (12.1) | 104.2 (8.5) | <.001 | .024 | .792 |
| Family income† | 80.0 | 55.0 | 60.0 | 67.5 | .315 | .064 | .019 |
| Global Assessment of Functioning | 83.3(9.1) | 70.9(8.6) | 73.9 (8.9) | 76.1 (8.6) | <.001 | .005 | .064 |
| Conners ADHD Index T Score* | 47.9 (5.3) | 73.6 (8.0) | 64.8 (8.7) | 59.7 (8.8) | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Conners Cognitive Problems T Score* | 47.1 (5.0) | 66.2 (8.2) | 63.9 (10.3) | 58.9 (9.9) | <.001 | <.001 | .001 |
| Conners Hyperactivity T score* | 49.1 (5.1) | 76.9(9.1) | 54.0 (7.9) | 46.6 (2.1) | <.001 | .172 | <.001 |
| Conners Oppositional problems T score* | 47.1 (4.6) | 63.9 (9.4) | 51.5 (7.4) | 47.1 (4.5) | <.001 | .992 | <.001 |
| KSAD Inattentive Symptoms | .77 (.92) | 6.8 (1.5) | 6.2 (1.7) | 5.4 (1.9) | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| KSAD Hyperactive/Impulsive Symptoms | .46 (.67) | 5.6 (1.9) | 1.4 (1.4) | .7 (.87) | <.001 | .472 | <.001 |
| Current ODD N | 1 | 13 | 3 | 0 | -- | -- | -- |
| Current CD N | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- | -- |
| Current MDD N | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- | -- |
| Current GAD N | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- | -- |
| BASC externalizing problems T Score | 45.9 (7.2) | 71.3 (13.2) | 51.6 (8.3) | 47.1 (8.6) | <.001 | .883 | <.001 |
| BASC internalizing problems T Score | 45.6 (7.8) | 57.7 (11.8) | 50.3 (10.8) | 43.4 (6.8) | <.001 | .651 | <.001 |
| YSR externalizing problems T Score | 49.2 (10.1) | 53.2 (9.2) | 54.6 (11.9) | 51.8 (12.4) | .014 | .604 | .307 |
| YSR internalizing problems T Score | 48.3 (8.8) | 60.3 (8.5) | 54.9 (9.7) | 53.4 (6.8) | <.001 | .113 | .041 |
| YSR total T Score | 47.5 (9.3) | 59.8 (7.8) | 56.5 (11.2) | 55.3 (10.9) | <.001 | .024 | .086 |
| WIAT/WRAT Reading Standard Score | 104.6 (8.8) | 100.8 (10.2) | 99.7 (10.8) | 100.14 (10.8) | .038 | .097 | .836 |
| WIAT/WRAT Spelling Standard Score | 104.7 (11.5) | 95.6 (16.3) | 95.3 (11.7) | 94.9 (13.0) | .001 | .029 | .890 |
| WIAT/WRAT Math Standard Score | 107.3 (14.9) | 96.5 (14.8) | 97.8 (16.7) | 98.5 (15.6) | <.001 | .067 | .458 |
Note. Data include the subset of participants who completed both saccade and attentional blink tasks. Values in parentheses indicate standard deviations. ADD = ADHD-PI (with below average mean activity scores (mean of Parent & Teacher Conners Hyperactivity, T<50); ADHD-C = ADHD combined subtype; ODD = oppositional defiant disorder; CD = conduct disorder; MDD = major depressive disorder; GAD = generalized anxiety disorder (includes GAD-Not Otherwise Specified (NOS)); BASC = Behavioral Assessment Scale for Children; YSR = Youth Self-Report.
Conners T scores reflect the mean of mother & teacher T-scores; KSAD inattentive and hyperactivity/impulsivity scores reflect the mean of parent and teacher symptom counts.
Median group income reported in the thousands, based on 66 reports for Control group, 31 for ADHD-PI group and 33 for ADHD-C group.