Table 3. Bivariate Dual Change Score Model of Perceived Control and Health in the Americans' Changing Lives Study: Parameter Estimates for Nested Age-Group Zero-Order Model for Midlife and Old Age.

Parameter	Midlife (aged 25 – 64)		Old Age (aged 65 + years)		Loss of Model Fit
	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Δ χ2/df
Fixed effects					762.50 (6)*
Perceived control initial mean	50.05*	0.20	49.83*	0.29
Perceived control slope mean	25.15*	4.96	13.86	7.14
Perceived control proportion	-0.47*	0.09	-0.21	0.18
Health initial mean	52.89*	0.18	44.40*	0.28
Health slope mean	-8.25	4.47	-27.90*	9.62
Health proportion	0.25*	0.03	-0.03	0.11
Random effects					141.10 (4)*
Perceived control initial variance	59.06*	2.92	50.10*	3.80
Perceived control slope variance	11.30	4.19	3.41	4.06
Health initial variance	53.75*	2.02	64.15*	4.06
Health slope variance	3.10*	0.69	19.42	14.25
Covariance					81.39 (6)*
Perceived control initial ↔ slope	19.84*	4.24	11.43	8.15
Health initial ↔ slope	-10.85*	2.37	-8.01	5.31
Perceived control initial ↔ Health initial	12.83*	1.80	17.68*	2.69
Perceived control initial ↔ Health slope	2.06	3.86	-29.45*	11.47
Perceived control slope ↔ Health initial	9.60*	2.66	6.00	4.58
Perceived control slope ↔ Health slope	-0.30	1.86	-7.06	5.23
Dynamics					19.31 (2)*
γperceived control → health	-0.10	0.08	0.58*	0.25
γhealth → perceived control	-0.03	0.03	-0.09	0.09
Residual variance
Perceived control	41.77*	1.05	54.38*	2.13
Health	24.55*	0.60	39.00*	1.75

Note. Midlife (aged 25 – 64, n = 2,364); Old Age (aged 65 + years, n = 1,238).

^*p < .05 or below.