OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER (ODD)
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) consists of a pattern of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behavior lasting at least 6 months, during which four (or more) of the following behaviors are present:
Often loses temper Often argues with adults Often actively defies or refuses to comply with adults’ requests or rules Often deliberately annoys people Often blames others for his or her mistakes or misbehavior Is often touchy or easily annoyed by others Is often angry and resentful Is often spiteful or vindictive
Each of the above is only considered diagnostic if the behavior occurs more frequently than is typically observed in children of comparable age and developmental level and if the behavior causes clinically significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.
Oppositional Defiant disorder is not diagnosed if the behaviors occur exclusively during the course of a Psychotic or Mood Disorder or if Conduct Disorder is diagnosed.
CONDUCT DISORDER
The DSM-IV categorizes conduct disorder behaviors into four main groupings: (a) aggressive conduct that causes or threatens physical harm to other people or animals, (b) non-aggressive conduct that causes property loss or damage, (c) deceitfulness or theft, and (d) serious violations of rules. Conduct Disorder consists of a repetitive and persistent pattern of behaviors in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms or rules of society are violated. Typically there would have been three or more of the following behaviors in the past 12 months, with at least one in the past 6 months:
Aggression to people and animals
often bullies, threatens, or intimidates others often initiates physical fights has used a weapon that can cause serious physical harm to others (e.g., a bat, brick, broken bottle, knife, gun) has been physically cruel to people has been physically cruel to animals has stolen while confronting a victim (e.g., mugging, purse snatching, extortion, armed robbery) has forced someone into sexual activity
Destruction of property
has deliberately engaged in fire setting with the intention of causing serious damage
has deliberately destroyed others’ property (other than by fire setting)
Deceitfulness or theft
has broken into someone else's house, building, or car
often lies to obtain goods or favors or to avoid obligations (i.e., “cons” others)
has stolen items of non-trivial value without confronting a victim (e.g., shoplifting, but without breaking and entering; forgery)
Serious violations of rules
often stays out at night despite parental prohibitions, beginning before age 13 years
has run away from home overnight at least twice while living in parental or parental surrogate home (or once without returning for a lengthy period)
is often truant from school, beginning before age 13 years