Table 3.
Test | Domain of manic-like behavior | Expected response to mood stabilizers | Actual response to lithium | Actual response to valproate |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sweet solution preference | Reward seeking behavior | Reduction in preference | Reduction in preference | Reduction in preference |
Forced swim test | Resistance to despair/increased vigor | Increase in immobility | No effect | Increase in immobility |
Resident-intruder test | Aggression | Reduced aggression | No effect | No effect |
Dark/light box | Risk taking behavior | Reduced time in light Compartment | No effect | No effect |
Amphetamine-induced hyperactivity | Manic-like increased activity or sensitivity to psychostimulants | Reduced hyperactivity | Reduced hyperactivity | Reduced hyperactivity (strong trend) |