Table 4.
The joint effects of smoking and alcohol drinking on esophageal cancer among men and women
| Smoking | Alcohol | All | Men | Women | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/control | OR (95% CI)a | Case/control | OR (95% CI)b | Case/control | OR (95% CI)b | ||
| Never | Never | 276/984 | 1.00 (referent) | 69/358 | 1.00 (referent) | 207/626 | 1.00 (referent) |
| Never | Ever | 139/565 | 1.03 (0.80–1.32) | 118/466 | 1.41 (1.00–1.98) | 21/99 | 0.63 (0.38–1.05) |
| Ever | Never | 214/647 | 1.20 (0.96–1.51) | 152/506 | 1.48 (1.06–2.05) | 62/141 | 1.04 (0.73–1.49) |
| Ever | Ever | 891/1,683 | 2.10 (1.72–2.56) | 852/1,586 | 2.75 (2.07–3.65) | 39/97 | 1.03 (0.68–1.56) |
| P for interaction | <0.001 | 0.170 | 0.212 | ||||
aAdjusted for age (continuous), gender, study area, previous income (continuous), BMI (continuous), and family history of cancer
bAdjusted for above-mentioned variables except gender