Table 4.

Children’s environmental health indicators (CEHIs) for major morbidity and mortality causes, selected for relation to climate change adaptation.

MEME model category	Perinatal diseases	Respiratory diseases	Diarrheal diseases	Physical injury	Insect-borne diseases
Contexts	------------------------------------ Children 0–14 years of age living in poverty ------------------------------------				Population growth rate in endemic disease areas
Exposures	Famine risk People living in informal settlements Malnourished women of childbearing age	Intrauterine growth retardation in newborns Children 0–14 years of age in unsafe housing	Drinking-water supplies failing national water quality	People living in informal settlements	Total area of insect vector habitats Children 0–14 years of age in households providing suitable conditions for insect-borne disease transmission
			------------ Children 0–14 years of age living in disaster-affected areas ------------
Health outcomes	Intrauterine growth retardation in newborns	Morbidity rate for children 0–4 years of age due to acute respiratory illness	Diarrhea mortality and and morbidity in children 0–4 years of age	Mortality rate of children 0– 14 years of age due to physical illness	Prevalence of insect-borne diseases in children 0–14 years of age
Actions	Attributable change in number of households lacking basic services	Attributable change in number of households relying on biomass fuels or coal as the main source of heating and cooking	Attributable number of food outlets failing food hygiene standards	Children 0–14 years of age living within reach of specialist emergency medical services	At-risk children 0–14 years of age covered by effective, integrated vector control and management systems

MEME, multiple exposures and multiple effects. Adapted from WHO (2009a).