Table 4.
Factors regarding the health belief model associated with obtaining influenza vaccination.
| Age group | < 18 years (n = 141) | 18 to 64 years (n = 634) | ≥65 years (n = 366) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factors regarding the health belief model | Vac | Unvac | OR* (95%CI) | P | Vac | Unvac | OR (95%CI) | P | Vac | Unvac | OR (95%CI) | p |
| Think that influenza vaccination (IV) is effective in preventing influenza illness | ||||||||||||
| 1. Strongly agree | 26 | 17 | 10.5 (2.68, 41.7) | < 0.001 | 79 | 86 | 8.85 (4.61, 16.9) | < 0.001 | 179 | 16 | 19.9 (8.28, 48.0) | < 0.001 |
| 2. Moderately agree | 29 | 45 | 4.53 (1.22, 16.7) | 0.024 | 95 | 217 | 4.25 (2.27, 7.94) | < 0.001 | 72 | 37 | 3.36 (1.48, 7.61) | 0.004 |
| 3-5. Not sure or moderately/strongly disagree | 3 | 20 | 1.00 | 13 | 121 | 1.00 | 12 | 21 | 1.00 | |||
| Think that IV has potential adverse effects | ||||||||||||
| 1-2. Strongly/moderately agree | 30 | 26 | 1.20 (0.51, 2.82) | 0.67 | 61 | 102 | 0.80 (0.52, 1.22) | 0.31 | 43 | 12 | 0.34 (0.15, 0.78) | 0.011 |
| 3. Not sure | 1 | 18 | 0.04 (0.01, 0.41) | 0.006 | 11 | 94 | 0.16 (0.08, 0.32) | < 0.001 | 18 | 13 | 0.13 (0.05, 0.32) | < 0.001 |
| 4. Moderately disagree | 9 | 11 | 0.79 (0.24, 2.52) | 0.69 | 30 | 67 | 0.63 (0.37, 1.05) | 0.079 | 33 | 11 | 0.28 (0.11, 0.65) | 0.003 |
| 5. Strongly disagree | 18 | 18 | 1.00 | 86 | 119 | 1.00 | 172 | 17 | 1.00 | |||
| Have practical barriers/inconveniences to obtaining IV at clinics | ||||||||||||
| 1-2. Strongly/moderately agree | 18 | 22 | 1.31 (0.54, 3.14) | 0.54 | 38 | 79 | 0.84 (0.51, 1.38) | 0.49 | 17 | 15 | 0.13 (0.05, 0.31) | < 0.001 |
| 3. Not sure | 3 | 17 | 0.27 (0.07, 1.10) | 0.068 | 18 | 105 | 0.30 (0.16, 0.54) | < 0.001 | 26 | 13 | 0.24 (0.10, 0.57) | < 0.001 |
| 4. Moderately disagree | 12 | 9 | 2.11 (0.72, 6.19) | 0.17 | 65 | 110 | 1.08 (0.70, 1.68) | 0.70 | 81 | 26 | 0.38 (0.19, 0.75) | 0.006 |
| 5. Strongly disagree | 18 | 27 | 1.00 | 65 | 116 | 1.00 | 138 | 17 | 1.00 | |||
| Have often upper respiratory infection | ||||||||||||
| 1. Yes | 7 | 14 | 0.89 (0.32, 2.50) | 0.84 | 42 | 64 | 1.79 (1.13, 2.83) | 0.013 | 63 | 13 | 2.02 (1.02, 4.03) | 0.044 |
| 2. Not sure | 30 | 49 | 1.83 (0.83, 4.04) | 0.13 | 94 | 249 | 0.99 (0.65, 1.49) | 0.96 | 116 | 49 | 1.33 (0.77, 2.28) | 0.30 |
| 3. No | 20 | 19 | 1.00 | 48 | 129 | 1.00 | 88 | 28 | 1.00 | |||
| Feel vulnerable to influenza illness | ||||||||||||
| 1. Strongly agree | 15 | 16 | 2.99 (1.02, 6.93) | 0.045 | 24 | 20 | 5.06 (2.55, 10.0) | < 0.001 | 40 | 3 | 8.22 (2.36, 28.6) | < 0.001 |
| 2. Moderately agree | 35 | 36 | 87 | 141 | 2.61 (1.69, 4.02) | < 0.001 | 116 | 32 | 2.13 (1.20, 3.76) | 0.009 | ||
| 3. Not sure | 6 | 14 | 1.51 (0.37, 6.06) | 0.55 | 32 | 103 | 1.28 (0.76, 2.16) | 0.34 | 46 | 19 | 1.49 (0.76, 2.94) | 0.24 |
| 4-5. Strongly/moderately disagree | 5 | 17 | 1.00 | 42 | 177 | 1.00 | 62 | 37 | 1.00 | |||
| Be afraid that influenza illness may become severe when infected | ||||||||||||
| 1. Strongly agree | 4 | 13 | 2.65 (1.01, 6.93) | 0.047 | 20 | 26 | 2.86 (1.46, 5.59) | 0.002 | 54 | 5 | 6.84 (2.47, 18.8) | < 0.001 |
| 2. Moderately agree | 28 | 29 | 72 | 132 | 2.03 (1.31, 3.14) | 0.001 | 121 | 32 | 2.38 (1.32, 4.29) | 0.004 | ||
| 3. Not sure | 19 | 16 | 4.25 (1.45, 12.4) | 0.008 | 44 | 113 | 1.39 (0.86, 2.25) | 0.17 | 34 | 19 | 1.14 (0.56, 2.32) | 0.71 |
| 4-5. Strongly/moderately disagree | 7 | 25 | 1.00 | 46 | 171 | 1.00 | 52 | 33 | 1.00 | |||
| Had a hard experience with severe influenza illness previously | ||||||||||||
| 1. Yes | 21 | 20 | 1.73 (0.79, 3.80) | 0.16 | 53 | 91 | 1.65 (1.08, 2.52) | 0.018 | 38 | 7 | 1.94 (0.82, 4.59) | 0.12 |
| 2. No | 27 | 44 | 1.00 | 87 | 244 | 1.00 | 178 | 63 | 1.00 | |||
| 3. Not sure/Don't know | 10 | 19 | 0.97 (0.38, 2.46) | 0.95 | 38 | 106 | 1.05 (0.68, 1.63) | 0.81 | 50 | 22 | 0.81 (0.45, 1.44) | 0.47 |
* Vac: Vaccinated, Unvac: Unvaccinated, OR: Odds ratio, CI: Confidence interval.
Note: ORs were adjusted for gender and year of survey.