. 2011 Mar;22(3):545–553. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2010040354

Table 3.

HRs for baseline characteristics of patients with T1D and macroalbuminuria (CKD stages 1 to 3 only) in Cox proportional hazard analysis of time to onset of ESRD

Baseline Characteristic	Univariate Model			Multivariate Model
Baseline Characteristic	HR	95% CI	P	HR	95% CI	P
One-stage increase of CKD	2.85	2.13 to 3.80	<0.0001	2.85	2.13 to 3.82	<0.0001^a
1% increase of HbA1c	1.24	1.11 to 1.39	<0.0002	1.32	1.17 to 1.48	<0.0001^a
Doubling of ACR	1.82	1.54 to 2.16	<0.0001	1.68	1.42 to 1.99	<0.0001^a
Sex (reference female)	0.73	0.50 to 1.07	0.11
Age (10-year increase)	1.05	0.82 to 1.34	0.70
Diabetes duration (10-year increase)	0.90	0.70 to 1.15	0.39
Systolic blood pressure (10-mmHg increase)	1.02	0.91 to 1.13	0.74
BMI (1-unit increase)	0.98	0.94 to 1.02	0.35
Total cholesterol (20-mg/dl increase)	1.12	1.03 to 1.21	0.006	0.99	0.91 to 1.08	0.89^a
HDL cholesterol (10-mg/dl decrease)	1.04	0.92 to 1.17	0.58
Smoking (reference nonsmokers)	1.34	0.87 to 2.06	0.18
Statin use (reference not treated)	1.82	1.12 to 2.96	0.02	1.49	0.91 to 2.45	0.12^a

The effect of CKD stage was uniform across the three stages tested. The quadratic and cubic terms for continuous variables were not significant. There were no significant interactions between regressors.

^aVariable included in the multivariate model.