Table 5.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with type 1 diabetes and macroalbuminuria according to the origin of the cohort
| Joslin Cohort (n = 423) | FinnDiane Cohort (n = 592)13 | Steno Cohort (n = 397)14 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic at enrollment | |||
| enrollment year | 1991 to 2004 | 1995 to 2006 | 1993 to 2005 |
| ascertainment | Clinic patients | Countrywide | Clinic patients and referralsa |
| age (years) | 38.7 ± 8.8 | 41.6 ± 10.2 | 42.1 ± 10.6 |
| duration of T1D (years) | 25.3 ± 8.3 | 29.4 ± 8.2 | 28.3 ± 8.9 |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.0 ± 1.7 | 9.0 ± 1.5 | 9.4 ± 1.5 |
| systolic BP (mmHg) | 133 ± 18 | 145 ± 20 | 145 ± 22 |
| albumin excretion rate (mg/24 h) | 797b | proteinuria in the past | 609b |
| eGFR (ml/min) | 66 ± 34 | 52 ± 26 | 67 ± 28 |
| using antihypertensive drug (%) | 70b | 95 | 75 |
| Outcome measures | |||
| duration of follow-up (years) | 6.9 (5.2, 12.0)c | 9.9 (7.3, 10.6)c | 11.3 (0 to 12.3)d |
| number of ESRD | 172 (5.8)e | 210 (5.1)e | 70 (1.6)e |
| number of pre-ESRD deaths | 29 (1.0)e | 56 (1.4)e | 98 (2.2)e,f |
aReferred for measurement of GFR.
bACE-I or ARB.
cMedian (25th, 75th percentile).
dMedian (range).
eNumber of events (rate per 100 person-years).
fEstimated number: total deaths were 126 without specification of how many were without ESRD. We assumed mortality after ESRD was the same as in the Joslin cohort, and this left 98 deaths pre-ESRD.