FIGURE 1.

S. pneumoniae infection and TLR2/4 activation induced IL-23 production in BMDCs and BMDMs. Mouse BMDCs and BMDMs (1 × 10⁶) were infected with S. pneumoniae (m.o.i., 20:1) or stimulated with TLR ligands (5 μg/ml LTA, 1 μg/ml rPLY, 10 μg/ml CpG) or Nod2 ligand (5 μg/ml MDP) for 6 h, and IL-23 concentrations were measured in the supernatant by ELISA. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01, compared with unstimulated controls (U.C.).