FIGURE 8.

Mitochondrial PGC-1α and Tfam form a complex at mtDNA D-loop region that is positively modulated by acute exercise. A, shown is the PGC-1α·Tfam complex at the D-loop (left) and non-D-loop (right) regions of mtDNA in mitochondrial fractions prepared from skeletal muscle (quadriceps femoris) of END and END+3h compared with SED mice (n = 8/group). Anti-IgG antibody was used as a nonspecific control for mtDNA co-immunoprecipitation assay. Real-time PCR amplification of non-D-loop mtDNA region was below the detectable limit (i.e. IgG control signal was not different from signals obtained for SED, END, and END+3h groups). B, PGC-1α content pulldown using in silico synthesized mtDNA D-loop in mitochondrial extracts from skeletal muscle of END and END+3h compared with SED mice (n = 8/group) is shown. IB, immunoblot. C, content of cytochrome c promoter bound by NRF-1 in nuclear fractions prepared from skeletal muscle (tibialis anterior) of END and END+3h compared with SED mice (n = 8/group) is shown. **, p < 0.01(versus SED; †, p < 0.05 versus both END and SED. Error bars represent S.E.