Table 1.
Univariable and multivariable associations between thumb pain, clinical assessments and the presence of ROA in the thumb (right hand)
| Univariable OR (95% CI) Chi-square significance |
Multivariable right thumba ROA |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Frequency, % | Right first CMC ROA | Right thumba ROA | βb | P-valuec | OR (95% CI) |
| Age group, years | ||||||
| 50–60 | 35.5 | Reference 1.0 | Reference 1.0 | |||
| 60–70 | 37.3 | 1.6 (1.1, 2.5) | 1.9 (1.3, 2.9) | 0.6 | 0.005 | 1.8 (1.2, 2.6) |
| ≤70 | 27.2 | 3.9 (2.5, 6.0) | 5.4 (3.4, 8.6) | 1.4 | < 0.001 | 4.1 (2.5, 6.7) |
| P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | Dropped | ||||
| Gender | 61.8 | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.0) | |||
| P = 0.077 | P = 0.030 | |||||
| BMI | ||||||
| <25 | 25.6 | Reference 1.0 | ||||
| 25.0–29.9 | 43.8 | 0.7 (0.5, 1.1) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.3) | Dropped | ||
| ≥30.0 | 30.6 | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.7) | |||
| P = 0.360 | P = 0.354 | |||||
| Thumb pain during activity in the past month | 53.2 | 2.1 (1.5, 2.9) | 2.23 (1.6, 3.2) | 0.6 | 0.001 | 1.8 (1.3, 2.6) |
| P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | |||||
| Thumb pain in the past month as indicated on a hand diagram | 51.5 | 1.5 (1.0, 2.1) | 1.4 (1.0, 2.0) | Dropped | ||
| P = 0.018 | P = 0.023 | |||||
| The presence of thenar muscle wasting | 20.8 | 3.0 (2.0, 4.6) | 3.1 (2.0, 5.0) | 0.6 | 0.016 | 1.9 (1.1, 3.1) |
| P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | |||||
| The presence of nodes, deformity or enlargement | 72.6 | 2.2 (1.5, 3.3) | 3.1 (2.1, 4.5) | 0.7 | <0.001 | 2.1 (1.4, 3.1) |
| P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | |||||
| A positive grind test | 12.2 | 1.8 (1.1, 2.9) | 1.7 (1.0, 2.9) | Dropped | ||
| P = 0.015 | P = 0.027 | |||||
| A positive Finkelstein’s test | 16.8 | 1.4 (0.9, 2.2) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.9) | Dropped | ||
| P = 0.092 | P = 0.213 | |||||
| Inability to achieve position 10 of the Kapandji index | 33.3 | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) | Dropped | ||
| P = 0.511 | P = 0.535 | |||||
| Thumb extension <40 degrees | 55.3 | 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.6) | Dropped | ||
| P = 0.120 | P = 0.413 | |||||
aThumb ROA is defined as K&L grade ≥2 in any thumb joint (thumb IP, first MCP, first CMC and TS), bβ is parameter estimate, cP-value = significance level, missing data were <10.2%.